git-annex/doc/preferred_content.mdwn

git-annex tries to ensure that the configured number of [[copies]] of your
data always exist, and leaves it up to you to use commands like `git annex
get` and `git annex drop` to move the content to the repositories you want
to contain it. But sometimes, it can be good to have more fine-grained
control over which repositories prefer to have which content. Configuring
this allows the git-annex assistant as well as 
`git annex get --auto`, `git annex drop --auto`, `git annex sync --content`,
etc to do smarter things.

Preferred content settings can be edited using `git
annex vicfg`, or viewed and set at the command line with `git annex wanted`.
Each repository can have its own settings, and other repositories will
try to honor those settings when interacting with it.
So there's no local `.git/config` for preferred content settings.

The idea is that you write an expression that files are matched against.
If a file matches, it's preferred to have its content stored in the
repository. If it doesn't, it's preferred to drop its content from
the repository (if there are enough copies elsewhere).

The expressions are very similar to the matching options documented
on the [[git-annex]] man page. At the command line, you can use those
options in commands like this:

	git annex get --include='*.mp3' --and -'(' --not --largerthan=100mb -')'

The equivilant preferred content expression looks like this:

	include=*.mp3 and (not largerthan=100mb)

So, just remove the dashes, basically. However, there are some differences
from the command line options to keep in mind:

### difference: file matching

While --include and --exclude match files relative to the current
directory, preferred content expressions always match files relative to the
top of the git repository. Perhaps you put files into `archive` directories
when you're done with them. Then you could configure your laptop to prefer
to not retain those files, like this:

	exclude=*/archive/*

### difference: no "in="

Preferred content expressions have no direct equivilant to `--in`.

Often, it's best to add repositories to groups, and match against
the groups in a preferred content expression. So rather than
`--in=usbdrive`, put all the USB drives into a "transfer" group,
and use "copies=transfer:1"

### difference: dropping

To decide if content should be dropped, git-annex evaluates the preferred
content expression under the assumption that the content has *already* been
dropped. If the content would not be preferred then, the drop can be done.
So, for example, `copies=2` in a preferred content expression lets
content be dropped only when there are currently 3 copies of it, including
the repo it's being dropped from. This is different than running `git annex
drop --copies=2`, which will drop files that currently have 2 copies.

### difference: "present"

There's a special "present" keyword you can use in a preferred content
expression. This means that content is preferred if it's present,
and not otherwise. This leaves it up to you to use git-annex manually
to move content around. You can use this to avoid preferred content
settings from affecting a subdirectory. For example:

	auto/* or (include=ad-hoc/* and present)

Note that `not present` is a very bad thing to put in a preferred content 
expression. It'll make it prefer to get content that's not present, and
drop content that is present! Don't go there..

### difference: "inpreferreddir"

There's a special "inpreferreddir" keyword you can use in a
preferred content expression of a special remote. This means that the
content is preferred if it's in a directory (located anywhere in the tree)
with a special name.

The name of the directory can be configured using 
`git annex enableremote $remote preferreddir=$dirname`

(If no directory name is configured, it uses "public" by default.)

## testing preferred content settings

To check at the command line which files are matched by preferred content
settings, you can use the --want-get and --want-drop options.

For example, "git annex find --want-get --not --in ." will find all the
files that "git annex get --auto" will want to get, and "git annex find
--want-drop --in ." will find all the files that "git annex drop --auto"
will want to drop.

## standard expressions

git-annex comes with some standard preferred content expressions, that can
be used with repositories that are in some pre-defined groups. To make a
repository use one of these, just set its preferred content expression
to "standard", and put it in one of these groups.

(Note that most of these standard expressions also make the repository
prefer any content that is only currently available on untrusted and
dead repositories. So if an untrusted repository gets connected,
any repository that can will back it up.)

### client

All content is preferred, unless it's for a file in a "archive" directory,
which has reached an archive repository, or is unused.

`(((exclude=*/archive/* and exclude=archive/*) or (not (copies=archive:1 or copies=smallarchive:1))) and not unused) or roughlylackingcopies=1`

### transfer

Use for repositories that are used to transfer data between other
repositories, but do not need to retain data themselves. For
example, a repository on a server, or in the cloud, or a small
USB drive used in a sneakernet.

The preferred content expression for these causes them to get and retain
data until all clients have a copy.

`(not (inallgroup=client and copies=client:2) and ($client)`

(Where $client is a copy of the preferred content expression used for
clients.)

The "copies=client:2" part of the above handles the case where
there is only one client repository. It makes a transfer repository
speculatively  prefer content in this case, even though it as of yet
has nowhere to transfer it to. Presumably, another client repository
will be added later.

### backup

All content is preferred.

`include=* or unused`

### incremental backup

Only prefers content that's not already backed up to another backup
or incremental backup repository.

`((include=* or unused) and (not copies=backup:1) and (not copies=incrementalbackup:1)) or approxlackingcopies=1`

### small archive

Only prefers content that's located in an "archive" directory, and
only if it's not already been archived somewhere else.

`((include=*/archive/* or include=archive/*) and not (copies=archive:1 or copies=smallarchive:1)) or approxlackingcopies=1`

### full archive

All content is preferred, unless it's already been archived somewhere else.

`(not (copies=archive:1 or copies=smallarchive:1)) or approxlackingcopies=1`

Note that if you want to archive multiple copies (not a bad idea!),
you should instead configure all your archive repositories with a
version of the above preferred content expression with a larger
number of copies.

### source

Use for repositories where files are often added, but that do not need to
retain files for local use. For example, a repository on a camera, where
it's desirable to remove photos as soon as they're transferred elsewhere.

The preferred content expression for these causes them to only retain
data until a copy has been sent to some other repository.

`not (copies=1)`

### manual

This gives you nearly full manual control over what content is stored in the
repository. This allows using the [[assistant]] without it trying to keep a
local copy of every file. Instead, you can manually run `git annex get`,
`git annex drop`, etc to manage content. Only content that is present
is preferred.

The exception to this manual control is that content that a client
repository would not want is not preferred. So, files in archive
directories are not preferred once their content has 
reached an archive repository.

`present and ($client)`

(Where $client is a copy of the preferred content expression used for
clients.)

### public

This is used for publishing information to a repository that can be
publically accessed. Only files in a directory with a particular name
will be published. (The directory can be located anywhere in the
repository.)

The name of the directory can be configured using
`git annex enableremote $remote preferreddir=$dirname`

### unwanted

Use for repositories that you don't want to exist. This will result
in any content on them being moved away to other repositories. (Works
best when the unwanted repository is also marked as untrusted or dead.)

`exclude=*`