400 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
400 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
## Class: Menu
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> Create native application menus and context menus.
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Process: [Main](../glossary.md#main-process)
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### `new Menu()`
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Creates a new menu.
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### Static Methods
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The `Menu` class has the following static methods:
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#### `Menu.setApplicationMenu(menu)`
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* `menu` Menu | null
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Sets `menu` as the application menu on macOS. On Windows and Linux, the
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`menu` will be set as each window's top menu.
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Also on Windows and Linux, you can use a `&` in the top-level item name to
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indicate which letter should get a generated accelerator. For example, using
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`&File` for the file menu would result in a generated `Alt-F` accelerator that
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opens the associated menu. The indicated character in the button label gets an
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underline. The `&` character is not displayed on the button label.
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Passing `null` will suppress the default menu. On Windows and Linux,
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this has the additional effect of removing the menu bar from the window.
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**Note:** The default menu will be created automatically if the app does not set one.
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It contains standard items such as `File`, `Edit`, `View`, `Window` and `Help`.
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#### `Menu.getApplicationMenu()`
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Returns `Menu | null` - The application menu, if set, or `null`, if not set.
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**Note:** The returned `Menu` instance doesn't support dynamic addition or
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removal of menu items. [Instance properties](#instance-properties) can still
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be dynamically modified.
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#### `Menu.sendActionToFirstResponder(action)` _macOS_
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* `action` String
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Sends the `action` to the first responder of application. This is used for
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emulating default macOS menu behaviors. Usually you would use the
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[`role`](menu-item.md#roles) property of a [`MenuItem`](menu-item.md).
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See the [macOS Cocoa Event Handling Guide](https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/EventOverview/EventArchitecture/EventArchitecture.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/10000060i-CH3-SW7)
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for more information on macOS' native actions.
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#### `Menu.buildFromTemplate(template)`
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* `template` (MenuItemConstructorOptions | MenuItem)[]
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Returns `Menu`
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Generally, the `template` is an array of `options` for constructing a
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[MenuItem](menu-item.md). The usage can be referenced above.
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You can also attach other fields to the element of the `template` and they will become properties of the constructed menu items.
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### Instance Methods
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The `menu` object has the following instance methods:
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#### `menu.popup([options])`
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* `options` Object (optional)
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* `window` [BrowserWindow](browser-window.md) (optional) - Default is the focused window.
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* `x` Number (optional) - Default is the current mouse cursor position.
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Must be declared if `y` is declared.
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* `y` Number (optional) - Default is the current mouse cursor position.
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Must be declared if `x` is declared.
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* `positioningItem` Number (optional) _macOS_ - The index of the menu item to
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be positioned under the mouse cursor at the specified coordinates. Default
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is -1.
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* `callback` Function (optional) - Called when menu is closed.
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Pops up this menu as a context menu in the [`BrowserWindow`](browser-window.md).
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#### `menu.closePopup([browserWindow])`
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* `browserWindow` [BrowserWindow](browser-window.md) (optional) - Default is the focused window.
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Closes the context menu in the `browserWindow`.
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#### `menu.append(menuItem)`
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* `menuItem` [MenuItem](menu-item.md)
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Appends the `menuItem` to the menu.
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#### `menu.getMenuItemById(id)`
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* `id` String
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Returns `MenuItem` the item with the specified `id`
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#### `menu.insert(pos, menuItem)`
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* `pos` Integer
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* `menuItem` [MenuItem](menu-item.md)
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Inserts the `menuItem` to the `pos` position of the menu.
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### Instance Events
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Objects created with `new Menu` or returned by `Menu.buildFromTemplate` emit the following events:
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**Note:** Some events are only available on specific operating systems and are
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labeled as such.
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#### Event: 'menu-will-show'
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Returns:
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* `event` Event
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Emitted when `menu.popup()` is called.
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#### Event: 'menu-will-close'
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Returns:
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* `event` Event
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Emitted when a popup is closed either manually or with `menu.closePopup()`.
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### Instance Properties
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`menu` objects also have the following properties:
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#### `menu.items`
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A `MenuItem[]` array containing the menu's items.
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Each `Menu` consists of multiple [`MenuItem`](menu-item.md)s and each `MenuItem`
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can have a submenu.
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## Examples
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The `Menu` class is only available in the main process, but you can also use it
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in the render process via the [`remote`](remote.md) module.
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### Main process
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An example of creating the application menu in the main process with the
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simple template API:
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```javascript
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const { app, Menu } = require('electron')
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const isMac = process.platform === 'darwin'
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const template = [
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// { role: 'appMenu' }
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...(isMac ? [{
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label: app.name,
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submenu: [
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{ role: 'about' },
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{ type: 'separator' },
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{ role: 'services' },
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{ type: 'separator' },
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{ role: 'hide' },
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{ role: 'hideothers' },
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{ role: 'unhide' },
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{ type: 'separator' },
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{ role: 'quit' }
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]
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}] : []),
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// { role: 'fileMenu' }
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{
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label: 'File',
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submenu: [
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isMac ? { role: 'close' } : { role: 'quit' }
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]
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},
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// { role: 'editMenu' }
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{
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label: 'Edit',
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submenu: [
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{ role: 'undo' },
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{ role: 'redo' },
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{ type: 'separator' },
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{ role: 'cut' },
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{ role: 'copy' },
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{ role: 'paste' },
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...(isMac ? [
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{ role: 'pasteAndMatchStyle' },
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{ role: 'delete' },
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{ role: 'selectAll' },
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{ type: 'separator' },
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{
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label: 'Speech',
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submenu: [
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{ role: 'startspeaking' },
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{ role: 'stopspeaking' }
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]
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}
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] : [
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{ role: 'delete' },
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{ type: 'separator' },
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{ role: 'selectAll' }
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])
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]
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},
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// { role: 'viewMenu' }
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{
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label: 'View',
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submenu: [
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{ role: 'reload' },
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{ role: 'forcereload' },
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{ role: 'toggledevtools' },
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{ type: 'separator' },
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{ role: 'resetzoom' },
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{ role: 'zoomin' },
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{ role: 'zoomout' },
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{ type: 'separator' },
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{ role: 'togglefullscreen' }
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]
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},
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// { role: 'windowMenu' }
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{
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label: 'Window',
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submenu: [
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{ role: 'minimize' },
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{ role: 'zoom' },
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...(isMac ? [
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{ type: 'separator' },
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{ role: 'front' },
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{ type: 'separator' },
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{ role: 'window' }
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] : [
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{ role: 'close' }
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])
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]
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},
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{
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role: 'help',
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submenu: [
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{
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label: 'Learn More',
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click: async () => {
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const { shell } = require('electron')
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await shell.openExternal('https://electronjs.org')
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}
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}
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]
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}
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]
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const menu = Menu.buildFromTemplate(template)
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Menu.setApplicationMenu(menu)
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```
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### Render process
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Below is an example of creating a menu dynamically in a web page
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(render process) by using the [`remote`](remote.md) module, and showing it when
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the user right clicks the page:
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```html
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<!-- index.html -->
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<script>
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const { remote } = require('electron')
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const { Menu, MenuItem } = remote
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const menu = new Menu()
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menu.append(new MenuItem({ label: 'MenuItem1', click() { console.log('item 1 clicked') } }))
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menu.append(new MenuItem({ type: 'separator' }))
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menu.append(new MenuItem({ label: 'MenuItem2', type: 'checkbox', checked: true }))
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window.addEventListener('contextmenu', (e) => {
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e.preventDefault()
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menu.popup({ window: remote.getCurrentWindow() })
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}, false)
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</script>
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```
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## Notes on macOS Application Menu
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macOS has a completely different style of application menu from Windows and
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Linux. Here are some notes on making your app's menu more native-like.
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### Standard Menus
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On macOS there are many system-defined standard menus, like the [`Services`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/appkit/nsapplication/1428608-servicesmenu?language=objc) and
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`Windows` menus. To make your menu a standard menu, you should set your menu's
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`role` to one of the following and Electron will recognize them and make them
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become standard menus:
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* `window`
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* `help`
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* `services`
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### Standard Menu Item Actions
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macOS has provided standard actions for some menu items, like `About xxx`,
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`Hide xxx`, and `Hide Others`. To set the action of a menu item to a standard
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action, you should set the `role` attribute of the menu item.
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### Main Menu's Name
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On macOS the label of the application menu's first item is always your app's
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name, no matter what label you set. To change it, modify your app bundle's
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`Info.plist` file. See
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[About Information Property List Files][AboutInformationPropertyListFiles]
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for more information.
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## Setting Menu for Specific Browser Window (*Linux* *Windows*)
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The [`setMenu` method][setMenu] of browser windows can set the menu of certain
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browser windows.
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## Menu Item Position
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You can make use of `before`, `after`, `beforeGroupContaining`, `afterGroupContaining` and `id` to control how the item will be placed when building a menu with `Menu.buildFromTemplate`.
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* `before` - Inserts this item before the item with the specified label. If the
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referenced item doesn't exist the item will be inserted at the end of
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the menu. Also implies that the menu item in question should be placed in the same “group” as the item.
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* `after` - Inserts this item after the item with the specified label. If the
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referenced item doesn't exist the item will be inserted at the end of
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the menu. Also implies that the menu item in question should be placed in the same “group” as the item.
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* `beforeGroupContaining` - Provides a means for a single context menu to declare
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the placement of their containing group before the containing group of the item with the specified label.
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* `afterGroupContaining` - Provides a means for a single context menu to declare
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the placement of their containing group after the containing group of the item with the specified label.
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By default, items will be inserted in the order they exist in the template unless one of the specified positioning keywords is used.
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### Examples
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Template:
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```javascript
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[
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{ id: '1', label: 'one' },
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{ id: '2', label: 'two' },
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{ id: '3', label: 'three' },
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{ id: '4', label: 'four' }
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]
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```
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Menu:
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```sh
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- 1
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- 2
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- 3
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- 4
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```
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Template:
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```javascript
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[
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{ id: '1', label: 'one' },
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{ type: 'separator' },
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{ id: '3', label: 'three', beforeGroupContaining: ['1'] },
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{ id: '4', label: 'four', afterGroupContaining: ['2'] },
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{ type: 'separator' },
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{ id: '2', label: 'two' }
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]
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```
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Menu:
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```sh
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- 3
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- 4
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- ---
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- 1
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- ---
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- 2
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```
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Template:
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```javascript
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[
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{ id: '1', label: 'one', after: ['3'] },
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{ id: '2', label: 'two', before: ['1'] },
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{ id: '3', label: 'three' }
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]
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```
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Menu:
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```sh
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- ---
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- 3
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- 2
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- 1
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```
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[AboutInformationPropertyListFiles]: https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/general/Reference/InfoPlistKeyReference/Articles/AboutInformationPropertyListFiles.html
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[setMenu]: https://github.com/electron/electron/blob/master/docs/api/browser-window.md#winsetmenumenu-linux-windows
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