electron/docs/api/browser-window.md

browser-window

The BrowserWindow class gives you ability to create a browser window, an example is:

var BrowserWindow = require('browser-window');

var win = new BrowserWindow({ width: 800, height: 600, show: false });
win.on('closed', function() {
  win = null;
});

win.loadUrl('https://github.com');
win.show();

You can also create a window without chrome by using Frameless Window API.

Class: BrowserWindow

BrowserWindow is an EventEmitter.

new BrowserWindow(options)

• options Object
  • x Integer - Window's left offset to screen
  • y Integer - Window's top offset to screen
  • width Integer - Window's width
  • height Integer - Window's height
  • use-content-size Boolean - The width and height would be used as web page's size, which means the actual window's size will include window frame's size and be slightly larger.
  • center Boolean - Show window in the center of the screen
  • min-width Integer - Minimum width
  • min-height Integer - Minimum height
  • max-width Integer - Maximum width
  • max-height Integer - Maximum height
  • resizable Boolean - Whether window is resizable
  • always-on-top Boolean - Whether the window should always stay on top of other windows
  • fullscreen Boolean - Whether the window should show in fullscreen
  • skip-taskbar Boolean - Do not show window in taskbar
  • zoom-factor Number - The default zoom factor of the page, zoom factor is zoom percent / 100, so 3.0 represents 300%
  • kiosk Boolean - The kiosk mode
  • title String - Default window title
  • icon Image - The window icon
  • show Boolean - Whether window should be shown when created
  • frame Boolean - Specify false to create a Frameless Window
  • node-integration String - Can be all, except-iframe, manual-enable-iframe or disable.
  • accept-first-mouse Boolean - Whether the web view accepts a single mouse-down event that simultaneously activates the window
  • web-preferences Object - Settings of web page's features
    • javascript Boolean
    • web-security Boolean
    • images Boolean
    • java Boolean
    • text-areas-are-resizable Boolean
    • webgl Boolean
    • webaudio Boolean
    • accelerated-compositing Boolean
    • plugins Boolean - Whether plugins should be enabled, currently only NPAPI plugins are supported.
    • extra-plugin-dirs Array - Array of paths that would be searched for plugins. Note that if you want to add a directory under your app, you should use __dirname or process.resourcesPath to join the paths to make them absolute, using relative paths would make atom-shell search under current working directory.

Creates a new BrowserWindow with native properties set by the options. Usually you only need to set the width and height, other properties will have decent default values.

By default the node-integration option is except-iframe, which means node integration is disabled in all iframes, . You can also set it to all, with which node integration is available to the main page and all its iframes, or manual-enable-iframe, which is like except-iframe, but would enable iframes whose name is suffixed by -enable-node-integration. And setting to disable would disable the node integration in both the main page and its iframes.

An example of enable node integration in iframe with node-integration set to manual-enable-iframe:

<!-- iframe with node integration enabled -->
<iframe name="gh-enable-node-integration" src="https://github.com"></iframe>

<!-- iframe with node integration disabled -->
<iframe src="http://jandan.net"></iframe>

And in atom-shell, the security limitation of iframe is stricter than normal browser, by default iframe is sandboxed with all permissions except the allow-same-origin, which means iframe could not access parent's js context.

If you want to enable things like parent.window.process.exit() in iframe, you should explicitly set sandbox to none:

<iframe sandbox="none" src="https://github.com"></iframe>

Event: 'page-title-updated'

• event Event

Emitted when the document changed its title, calling event.preventDefault() would prevent the native window's title to change.

Event: 'close'

• event Event

Emitted when the window is going to be closed. It's emitted before the beforeunload and unload event of DOM, calling event.preventDefault() would cancel the close.

Usually you would want to use the beforeunload handler to decide whether the window should be closed, which will also be called when the window is reloaded. In atom-shell, returning an empty string or false would cancel the close. An example is:

window.onbeforeunload = function(e) {
  console.log('I do not want to be closed');

  // Unlike usual browsers, in which a string should be returned and the user is
  // prompted to confirm the page unload. atom-shell gives the power completely
  // to the developers, return empty string or false would prevent the unloading
  // now. You can also use the dialog API to let user confirm it.
  return false;
};

Event: 'closed'

Emitted when the window is closed. After you have received this event you should remove the reference to the window and avoid using it anymore.

Event: 'unresponsive'

Emitted when the web page becomes unresponsive.

Event: 'responsive'

Emitted when the unresponsive web page becomes responsive again.

Event: 'blur'

Emitted when window loses focus.

Event: 'focus'

Emitted when window gains focus.

Class Method: BrowserWindow.getAllWindows()

Returns an array of all opened browser windows.

Class Method: BrowserWindow.getFocusedWindow()

Returns the window that is focused in this application.

Class Method: BrowserWindow.fromWebContents(webContents)

• webContents WebContents

Find a window according to the webContents it owns

Class Method: BrowserWindow.fromId(id)

• id Integer

Find a window according to its ID.

BrowserWindow.webContents

The WebContents object this window owns, all web page related events and operations would be done via it.

Note: Users should never store this object because it may becomes null when the web page has crashed.

BrowserWindow.devToolsWebContents

Get the WebContents of devtools of this window.

Note: Users should never store this object because it may becomes null when the devtools has been closed.

BrowserWindow.id

Get the unique ID of this window.

BrowserWindow.destroy()

Force closing the window, the unload and beforeunload event won't be emitted for the web page, and close event would also not be emitted for this window, but it would guarantee the closed event to be emitted.

You should only use this method when the web page has crashed.

BrowserWindow.close()

Try to close the window, this has the same effect with user manually clicking the close button of the window. The web page may cancel the close though, see the close event.

BrowserWindow.focus()

Focus on the window.

BrowserWindow.isFocused()

Returns whether the window is focused.

BrowserWindow.show()

Shows the window.

BrowserWindow.hide()

Hides the window.

BrowserWindow.isVisible()

Returns whether the window is visible to the user.

BrowserWindow.maximize()

Maximizes the window.

BrowserWindow.unmaximize()

Unmaximizes the window.

BrowserWindow.isMaximized()

Returns whether the window is maximized.

BrowserWindow.minimize()

Minimizes the window. On some platforms the minimized window will be shown in the Dock.

BrowserWindow.restore()

Restores the window from minimized state to its previous state.

BrowserWindow.setFullScreen(flag)

• flag Boolean

Sets whether the window should be in fullscreen mode.

BrowserWindow.isFullScreen()

Returns whether the window is in fullscreen mode.

BrowserWindow.setSize(width, height)

• width Integer
• height Integer

Resizes the window to width and height.

BrowserWindow.getSize()

Returns an array that contains window's width and height.

BrowserWindow.setContentSize(width, height)

• width Integer
• height Integer

Resizes the window's client area (e.g. the web page) to width and height.

BrowserWindow.getContentSize()

Returns an array that contains window's client area's width and height.

BrowserWindow.setMinimumSize(width, height)

• width Integer
• height Integer

Sets the minimum size of window to width and height.

BrowserWindow.getMinimumSize()

Returns an array that contains window's minimum width and height.

BrowserWindow.setMaximumSize(width, height)

• width Integer
• height Integer

Sets the maximum size of window to width and height.

BrowserWindow.getMaximumSize()

Returns an array that contains window's maximum width and height.

BrowserWindow.setResizable(resizable)

• resizable Boolean

Sets whether the window can be manually resized by user.

BrowserWindow.isResizable()

Returns whether the window can be manually resized by user.

BrowserWindow.setAlwaysOnTop(flag)

• flag Boolean

Sets whether the window should show always on top of other windows. After setting this, the window is still a normal window, not a toolbox window which can not be focused on.

BrowserWindow.isAlwaysOnTop()

Returns whether the window is always on top of other windows.

BrowserWindow.center()

Moves window to the center of the screen.

BrowserWindow.setPosition(x, y)

• x Integer
• y Integer

Moves window to x and y.

BrowserWindow.getPosition()

Returns an array that contains window's current position.

BrowserWindow.setTitle(title)

• title String

Changes the title of native window to title.

BrowserWindow.getTitle()

Returns the title of the native window.

Note: The title of web page can be different from the title of the native **window.

BrowserWindow.flashFrame()

Flashes the window to attract user's attention.

BrowserWindow.setSkipTaskbar(skip)

• skip Boolean

Makes the window do not show in taskbar.

BrowserWindow.setKiosk(flag)

• flag Boolean

Enters or leaves the kiosk mode.

BrowserWindow.isKiosk()

Returns whether the window is in kiosk mode.

BrowserWindow.setRepresentedFilename(filename)

• filename String

OS X Only: Sets the pathname of the file the window represents, and the icon of the file will show in window's title bar.

BrowserWindow.setDocumentEdited(edited)

• edited Boolean

OS X Only: Specifies whether the window’s document has been edited, and the icon in titlebar will become grey when set to true.

BrowserWindow.openDevTools()

Opens the developer tools.

BrowserWindow.closeDevTools()

Closes the developer tools.

BrowserWindow.toggleDevTools()

Toggle the developer tools.

BrowserWindow.inspectElement(x, y)

• x Integer
• y Integer

Starts inspecting element at position (x, y).

BrowserWindow.focusOnWebView()

BrowserWindow.blurWebView()

BrowserWindow.capturePage([rect, ]callback)

• rect Object - The area of page to be captured
  • x
  • y
  • width
  • height
• callback Function

Captures the snapshot of page within rect, upon completion callback would be called with callback(image), the image is a Buffer that stores the PNG encoded data of the snapshot. Omitting the rect would capture the whole visible page.

You can write received image directly to a .png file, or you can base64 encode it and use data URL to embed the image in HTML.

Note: Be sure to read documents on remote buffer in remote if you are going to use this API in renderer process.

BrowserWindow.loadUrl(url)

Same with webContents.loadUrl(url).

BrowserWindow.reload()

Same with webContents.reload.

BrowserWindow.setMenu(menu)

• menu Menu

Sets the menu as the window top menu.

Note: This API is not available on OS X.

Class: WebContents

A WebContents is responsible for rendering and controlling a web page.

WebContents is an EventEmitter.

Event: 'crashed'

Emitted when the renderer process is crashed.

Event: 'did-finish-load'

Emitted when the navigation is done, i.e. the spinner of the tab will stop spinning, and the onload event was dispatched.

Event: 'did-frame-finish-load'

• event Event
• isMainFrame Boolean

Emitted when a frame has done navigation.

Event: 'did-start-loading'

Event: 'did-stop-loading'

WebContents.loadUrl(url)

• url URL

Loads the url in the window, the url must contains the protocol prefix, e.g. the http:// or file://.

WebContents.getUrl()

Returns URL of current web page.

WebContents.getTitle()

Returns the title of web page.

WebContents.isLoading()

Returns whether web page is still loading resources.

WebContents.isWaitingForResponse()

Returns whether web page is waiting for a first-response for the main resource of the page.

WebContents.stop()

Stops any pending navigation.

WebContents.reload()

Reloads current page.

WebContents.reloadIgnoringCache()

Reloads current page and ignores cache.

WebContents.canGoBack()

Returns whether the web page can go back.

WebContents.canGoForward()

Returns whether the web page can go forward.

WebContents.canGoToOffset(offset)

• offset Integer

Returns whether the web page can go to offset.

WebContents.goBack()

Makes the web page go back.

WebContents.goForward()

Makes the web page go forward.

WebContents.goToIndex(index)

• index Integer

Navigates to the specified absolute index.

WebContents.goToOffset(offset)

• offset Integer

Navigates to the specified offset from the "current entry".

WebContents.IsCrashed()

Whether the renderer process has crashed.

WebContents.executeJavaScript(code)

• code String

Evaluate code in page.

WebContents.send(channel[, args...])

• channel String

Send args.. to the web page via channel in asynchronous message, the web page can handle it by listening to the channel event of ipc module.

An example of sending messages from browser side to web pages:

// On browser side.
var window = null;
app.on('ready', function() {
  window = new BrowserWindow({width: 800, height: 600});
  window.loadUrl('file://' + __dirname + '/index.html');
  window.webContents.on('did-finish-load', function() {
    window.webContents.send('ping', 'whoooooooh!');
  });
});

// index.html
<html>
<body>
  <script>
    require('ipc').on('ping', function(message) {
      console.log(message);  // Prints "whoooooooh!"
    });
  </script>
</body>
</html>

Note:

1. The IPC message handler in web pages do not have a event parameter, which is different from the handlers on browser side.
2. There is no way to send synchronous messages from browser side to web pages, because it would be very easy to cause dead locks.