410 lines
9.3 KiB
Markdown
410 lines
9.3 KiB
Markdown
# Menu
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> Create native application menus and context menus.
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Process: [Main](../tutorial/quick-start.md#main-process)
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Each `Menu` consists of multiple [`MenuItem`](menu-item.md)s and each `MenuItem`
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can have a submenu.
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## Examples
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The `Menu` class is only available in the main process, but you can also use it
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in the render process via the [`remote`](remote.md) module.
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### Main process
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An example of creating the application menu in the main process with the
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simple template API:
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```javascript
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const {app, Menu} = require('electron')
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const template = [
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{
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label: 'Edit',
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submenu: [
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{
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role: 'undo'
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},
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{
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role: 'redo'
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},
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{
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type: 'separator'
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},
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{
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role: 'cut'
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},
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{
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role: 'copy'
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},
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{
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role: 'paste'
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},
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{
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role: 'pasteandmatchstyle'
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},
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{
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role: 'delete'
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},
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{
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role: 'selectall'
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}
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]
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},
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{
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label: 'View',
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submenu: [
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{
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label: 'Reload',
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accelerator: 'CmdOrCtrl+R',
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click (item, focusedWindow) {
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if (focusedWindow) focusedWindow.reload()
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}
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},
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{
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label: 'Toggle Developer Tools',
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accelerator: process.platform === 'darwin' ? 'Alt+Command+I' : 'Ctrl+Shift+I',
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click (item, focusedWindow) {
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if (focusedWindow) focusedWindow.webContents.toggleDevTools()
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}
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},
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{
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type: 'separator'
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},
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{
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role: 'resetzoom'
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},
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{
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role: 'zoomin'
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},
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{
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role: 'zoomout'
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},
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{
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type: 'separator'
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},
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{
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role: 'togglefullscreen'
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}
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]
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},
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{
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role: 'window',
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submenu: [
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{
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role: 'minimize'
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},
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{
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role: 'close'
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}
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]
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},
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{
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role: 'help',
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submenu: [
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{
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label: 'Learn More',
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click () { require('electron').shell.openExternal('http://electron.atom.io') }
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}
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]
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}
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]
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if (process.platform === 'darwin') {
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template.unshift({
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label: app.getName(),
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submenu: [
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{
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role: 'about'
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},
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{
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type: 'separator'
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},
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{
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role: 'services',
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submenu: []
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},
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{
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type: 'separator'
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},
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{
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role: 'hide'
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},
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{
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role: 'hideothers'
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},
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{
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role: 'unhide'
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},
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{
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type: 'separator'
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},
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{
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role: 'quit'
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}
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]
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})
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// Edit menu.
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template[1].submenu.push(
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{
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type: 'separator'
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},
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{
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label: 'Speech',
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submenu: [
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{
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role: 'startspeaking'
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},
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{
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role: 'stopspeaking'
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}
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]
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}
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)
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// Window menu.
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template[3].submenu = [
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{
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label: 'Close',
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accelerator: 'CmdOrCtrl+W',
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role: 'close'
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},
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{
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label: 'Minimize',
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accelerator: 'CmdOrCtrl+M',
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role: 'minimize'
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},
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{
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label: 'Zoom',
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role: 'zoom'
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},
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{
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type: 'separator'
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},
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{
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label: 'Bring All to Front',
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role: 'front'
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}
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]
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}
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const menu = Menu.buildFromTemplate(template)
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Menu.setApplicationMenu(menu)
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```
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### Render process
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Below is an example of creating a menu dynamically in a web page
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(render process) by using the [`remote`](remote.md) module, and showing it when
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the user right clicks the page:
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```html
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<!-- index.html -->
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<script>
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const {remote} = require('electron')
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const {Menu, MenuItem} = remote
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const menu = new Menu()
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menu.append(new MenuItem({label: 'MenuItem1', click() { console.log('item 1 clicked') }}))
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menu.append(new MenuItem({type: 'separator'}))
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menu.append(new MenuItem({label: 'MenuItem2', type: 'checkbox', checked: true}))
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window.addEventListener('contextmenu', (e) => {
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e.preventDefault()
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menu.popup(remote.getCurrentWindow())
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}, false)
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</script>
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```
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## Class: Menu
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### `new Menu()`
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Creates a new menu.
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### Static Methods
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The `menu` class has the following static methods:
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#### `Menu.setApplicationMenu(menu)`
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* `menu` Menu
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Sets `menu` as the application menu on macOS. On Windows and Linux, the `menu`
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will be set as each window's top menu.
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**Note:** This API has to be called after the `ready` event of `app` module.
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#### `Menu.getApplicationMenu()`
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Returns the application menu (an instance of `Menu`), if set, or `null`, if not set.
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#### `Menu.sendActionToFirstResponder(action)` _macOS_
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* `action` String
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Sends the `action` to the first responder of application. This is used for
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emulating default Cocoa menu behaviors, usually you would just use the
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`role` property of `MenuItem`.
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See the [macOS Cocoa Event Handling Guide](https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/EventOverview/EventArchitecture/EventArchitecture.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/10000060i-CH3-SW7)
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for more information on macOS' native actions.
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#### `Menu.buildFromTemplate(template)`
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* `template` MenuItem[]
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Generally, the `template` is just an array of `options` for constructing a
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[MenuItem](menu-item.md). The usage can be referenced above.
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You can also attach other fields to the element of the `template` and they
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will become properties of the constructed menu items.
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### Instance Methods
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The `menu` object has the following instance methods:
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#### `menu.popup([browserWindow, x, y, positioningItem])`
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* `browserWindow` BrowserWindow (optional) - Default is `BrowserWindow.getFocusedWindow()`.
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* `x` Number (optional) - Default is the current mouse cursor position.
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* `y` Number (**required** if `x` is used) - Default is the current mouse cursor position.
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* `positioningItem` Number (optional) _macOS_ - The index of the menu item to
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be positioned under the mouse cursor at the specified coordinates. Default is
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-1.
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Pops up this menu as a context menu in the `browserWindow`.
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#### `menu.append(menuItem)`
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* `menuItem` MenuItem
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Appends the `menuItem` to the menu.
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#### `menu.insert(pos, menuItem)`
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* `pos` Integer
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* `menuItem` MenuItem
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Inserts the `menuItem` to the `pos` position of the menu.
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### Instance Properties
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`menu` objects also have the following properties:
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#### `menu.items`
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A MenuItem[] array containing the menu's items.
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## Notes on macOS Application Menu
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macOS has a completely different style of application menu from Windows and
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Linux. Here are some notes on making your app's menu more native-like.
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### Standard Menus
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On macOS there are many system-defined standard menus, like the `Services` and
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`Windows` menus. To make your menu a standard menu, you should set your menu's
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`role` to one of following and Electron will recognize them and make them
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become standard menus:
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* `window`
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* `help`
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* `services`
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### Standard Menu Item Actions
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macOS has provided standard actions for some menu items, like `About xxx`,
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`Hide xxx`, and `Hide Others`. To set the action of a menu item to a standard
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action, you should set the `role` attribute of the menu item.
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### Main Menu's Name
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On macOS the label of the application menu's first item is always your app's
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name, no matter what label you set. To change it, modify your app bundle's
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`Info.plist` file. See
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[About Information Property List Files][AboutInformationPropertyListFiles]
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for more information.
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## Setting Menu for Specific Browser Window (*Linux* *Windows*)
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The [`setMenu` method][setMenu] of browser windows can set the menu of certain
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browser windows.
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## Menu Item Position
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You can make use of `position` and `id` to control how the item will be placed
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when building a menu with `Menu.buildFromTemplate`.
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The `position` attribute of `MenuItem` has the form `[placement]=[id]`, where
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`placement` is one of `before`, `after`, or `endof` and `id` is the unique ID of
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an existing item in the menu:
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* `before` - Inserts this item before the id referenced item. If the
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referenced item doesn't exist the item will be inserted at the end of
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the menu.
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* `after` - Inserts this item after id referenced item. If the referenced
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item doesn't exist the item will be inserted at the end of the menu.
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* `endof` - Inserts this item at the end of the logical group containing
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the id referenced item (groups are created by separator items). If
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the referenced item doesn't exist, a new separator group is created with
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the given id and this item is inserted after that separator.
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When an item is positioned, all un-positioned items are inserted after
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it until a new item is positioned. So if you want to position a group of
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menu items in the same location you only need to specify a position for
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the first item.
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### Examples
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Template:
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```javascript
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[
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{label: '4', id: '4'},
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{label: '5', id: '5'},
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{label: '1', id: '1', position: 'before=4'},
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{label: '2', id: '2'},
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{label: '3', id: '3'}
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]
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```
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Menu:
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```
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- 1
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- 2
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- 3
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- 4
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- 5
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```
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Template:
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```javascript
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[
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{label: 'a', position: 'endof=letters'},
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{label: '1', position: 'endof=numbers'},
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{label: 'b', position: 'endof=letters'},
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{label: '2', position: 'endof=numbers'},
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{label: 'c', position: 'endof=letters'},
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{label: '3', position: 'endof=numbers'}
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]
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```
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Menu:
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```
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- ---
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- a
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- b
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- c
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- ---
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- 1
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- 2
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- 3
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```
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[AboutInformationPropertyListFiles]: https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/general/Reference/InfoPlistKeyReference/Articles/AboutInformationPropertyListFiles.html
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[setMenu]: https://github.com/electron/electron/blob/master/docs/api/browser-window.md#winsetmenumenu-linux-windows
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