electron/docs/api/web-contents.md
2015-08-26 10:45:15 -07:00

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# webContents
`webContents` is an
[EventEmitter](http://nodejs.org/api/events.html#events_class_events_eventemitter).
It is responsible for rendering and controlling a web page and is a property of the [`BrowserWindow`](browser-window.md) object. An example of accessing the `webContents` object:
```javascript
var BrowserWindow = require('browser-window');
var win = new BroswerWindow({width: 800, height: 1500});
win.loadUrl("http://github.com");
var webContents = win.webContents
```
## Events
The `webContents` object emits the following events:
### Event: 'did-finish-load'
Emitted when the navigation is done, i.e. the spinner of the tab has stopped
spinning, and the `onload` event was dispatched.
### Event: 'did-fail-load'
Returns:
* `event` Event
* `errorCode` Integer
* `errorDescription` String
This event is like `did-finish-load` but emitted when the load failed or was
cancelled, e.g. `window.stop()` is invoked.
### Event: 'did-frame-finish-load'
Returns:
* `event` Event
* `isMainFrame` Boolean
Emitted when a frame has done navigation.
### Event: 'did-start-loading'
Corresponds to the points in time when the spinner of the tab started spinning.
### Event: 'did-stop-loading'
Corresponds to the points in time when the spinner of the tab stopped spinning.
### Event: 'did-get-response-details'
Returns:
* `event` Event
* `status` Boolean
* `newUrl` String
* `originalUrl` String
* `httpResponseCode` Integer
* `requestMethod` String
* `referrer` String
* `headers` Object
Emitted when details regarding a requested resource is available.
`status` indicates the socket connection to download the resource.
### Event: 'did-get-redirect-request'
Returns:
* `event` Event
* `oldUrl` String
* `newUrl` String
* `isMainFrame` Boolean
Emitted when a redirect was received while requesting a resource.
### Event: 'dom-ready'
Returns:
* `event` Event
Emitted when the document in the given frame is loaded.
### Event: 'page-favicon-updated'
Returns:
* `event` Event
* `favicons` Array - Array of Urls
Emitted when page receives favicon urls.
### Event: 'new-window'
Returns:
* `event` Event
* `url` String
* `frameName` String
* `disposition` String - Can be `default`, `foreground-tab`, `background-tab`,
`new-window` and `other`
Emitted when the page requests to open a new window for a `url`. It could be
requested by `window.open` or an external link like `<a target='_blank'>`.
By default a new `BrowserWindow` will be created for the `url`.
Calling `event.preventDefault()` can prevent creating new windows.
### Event: 'will-navigate'
Returns:
* `event` Event
* `url` String
Emitted when user or the page wants to start a navigation, it can happen when
`window.location` object is changed or user clicks a link in the page.
This event will not emit when the navigation is started programmatically with APIs
like `webContents.loadUrl` and `webContents.back`.
Calling `event.preventDefault()` can prevent the navigation.
### Event: 'crashed'
Emitted when the renderer process has crashed.
### Event: 'plugin-crashed'
Returns:
* `event` Event
* `name` String
* `version` String
Emitted when a plugin process has crashed.
### Event: 'destroyed'
Emitted when `webContents` is destroyed.
## Instance Methods
The `webContents` object has the following instance methods:
### `webContents.session`
Returns the `Session` object used by this webContents.
See [session documentation](session.md) for this object's methods.
### `webContents.loadUrl(url[, options])`
* `url` URL
* `options` Object, properties:
* `httpReferrer` String - A HTTP Referrer url
* `userAgent` String - A user agent originating the request
Loads the `url` in the window, the `url` must contains the protocol prefix,
e.g. the `http://` or `file://`.
### `webContents.getUrl()`
```javascript
var BrowserWindow = require('browser-window');
var win = new BrowserWindow({width: 800, height: 600});
win.loadUrl("http://github.com");
var currentUrl = win.webContents.getUrl();
```
Returns URL of current web page.
### `webContents.getTitle()`
Returns the title of web page.
### `webContents.isLoading()`
Returns whether web page is still loading resources.
### `webContents.isWaitingForResponse()`
Returns whether web page is waiting for a first-response for the main resource
of the page.
### `webContents.stop()`
Stops any pending navigation.
### `webContents.reload()`
Reloads current page.
### `webContents.reloadIgnoringCache()`
Reloads current page and ignores cache.
### `webContents.canGoBack()`
Returns whether the web page can go back.
### `webContents.canGoForward()`
Returns whether the web page can go forward.
### `webContents.canGoToOffset(offset)`
* `offset` Integer
Returns whether the web page can go to `offset`.
### `webContents.clearHistory()`
Clears the navigation history.
### `webContents.goBack()`
Makes the web page go back.
### `webContents.goForward()`
Makes the web page go forward.
### `webContents.goToIndex(index)`
* `index` Integer
Navigates to the specified absolute index.
### `webContents.goToOffset(offset)`
* `offset` Integer
Navigates to the specified offset from the "current entry".
### `webContents.isCrashed()`
Whether the renderer process has crashed.
### `webContents.setUserAgent(userAgent)`
* `userAgent` String
Overrides the user agent for this page.
### `webContents.getUserAgent()`
Returns a `String` represents the user agent for this page.
### `webContents.insertCSS(css)`
* `css` String
Injects CSS into this page.
### `webContents.executeJavaScript(code[, userGesture])`
* `code` String
* `userGesture` Boolean
Evaluates `code` in page.
In browser some HTML APIs like `requestFullScreen` can only be invoked if it
is started by user gesture, by specifying `userGesture` to `true` developers
can ignore this limitation.
### `webContents.setAudioMuted(muted)`
+ `muted` Boolean
Set the page muted.
### `webContents.isAudioMuted()`
Returns whether this page has been muted.
### `webContents.undo()`
Executes editing command `undo` in page.
### `webContents.redo()`
Executes editing command `redo` in page.
### `webContents.cut()`
Executes editing command `cut` in page.
### `webContents.copy()`
Executes editing command `copy` in page.
### `webContents.paste()`
Executes editing command `paste` in page.
### `webContents.pasteAndMatchStyle()`
Executes editing command `pasteAndMatchStyle` in page.
### `webContents.delete()`
Executes editing command `delete` in page.
### `webContents.selectAll()`
Executes editing command `selectAll` in page.
### `webContents.unselect()`
Executes editing command `unselect` in page.
### `webContents.replace(text)`
* `text` String
Executes editing command `replace` in page.
### `webContents.replaceMisspelling(text)`
* `text` String
Executes editing command `replaceMisspelling` in page.
### `webContents.hasServiceWorker(callback)`
* `callback` Function
Checks if any serviceworker is registered and returns boolean as
response to `callback`.
### `webContents.unregisterServiceWorker(callback)`
* `callback` Function
Unregisters any serviceworker if present and returns boolean as
response to `callback` when the JS promise is fullfilled or false
when the JS promise is rejected.
### `webContents.print([options])`
`options` Object, properties:
* `silent` Boolean - Don't ask user for print settings, defaults to `false`
* `printBackground` Boolean - Also prints the background color and image of
the web page, defaults to `false`.
Prints window's web page. When `silent` is set to `false`, Electron will pick
up system's default printer and default settings for printing.
Calling `window.print()` in web page is equivalent to call
`webContents.print({silent: false, printBackground: false})`.
**Note:** On Windows, the print API relies on `pdf.dll`. If your application
doesn't need print feature, you can safely remove `pdf.dll` in saving binary
size.
### `webContents.printToPDF(options, callback)`
`options` Object, properties:
* `marginsType` Integer - Specify the type of margins to use
* 0 - default
* 1 - none
* 2 - minimum
* `pageSize` String - Specify page size of the generated PDF
* `A4`
* `A3`
* `Legal`
* `Letter`
* `Tabloid`
* `printBackground` Boolean - Whether to print CSS backgrounds.
* `printSelectionOnly` Boolean - Whether to print selection only.
* `landscape` Boolean - `true` for landscape, `false` for portrait.
`callback` Function - `function(error, data) {}`
* `error` Error
* `data` Buffer - PDF file content
Prints window's web page as PDF with Chromium's preview printing custom
settings.
By default, an empty `options` will be regarded as
`{marginsType:0, printBackgrounds:false, printSelectionOnly:false,
landscape:false}`.
```javascript
var BrowserWindow = require('browser-window');
var fs = require('fs');
var win = new BrowserWindow({width: 800, height: 600});
win.loadUrl("http://github.com");
win.webContents.on("did-finish-load", function() {
// Use default printing options
win.webContents.printToPDF({}, function(error, data) {
if (error) throw error;
fs.writeFile("/tmp/print.pdf", data, function(error) {
if (err)
throw error;
console.log("Write PDF successfully.");
})
})
});
```
### `webContents.addWorkSpace(path)`
* `path` String
Adds the specified path to devtools workspace.
### `webContents.removeWorkSpace(path)`
* `path` String
Removes the specified path from devtools workspace.
### `webContents.send(channel[, args...])`
* `channel` String
Send `args..` to the web page via `channel` in an asynchronous message, the web
page can handle it by listening to the `channel` event of the `ipc` module.
An example of sending messages from the main process to the renderer process:
```javascript
// On the main process.
var window = null;
app.on('ready', function() {
window = new BrowserWindow({width: 800, height: 600});
window.loadUrl('file://' + __dirname + '/index.html');
window.webContents.on('did-finish-load', function() {
window.webContents.send('ping', 'whoooooooh!');
});
});
```
```html
<!-- index.html -->
<html>
<body>
<script>
require('ipc').on('ping', function(message) {
console.log(message); // Prints "whoooooooh!"
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
```
**Note:**
1. The IPC message handler in web pages does not have an `event` parameter, which
is different from the handlers on the main process.
2. There is no way to send synchronous messages from the main process to a
renderer process, because it would be very easy to cause dead locks.