diff --git a/ts/sql/Interface.ts b/ts/sql/Interface.ts
index 03d14758e..4ea675697 100644
--- a/ts/sql/Interface.ts
+++ b/ts/sql/Interface.ts
@@ -375,6 +375,11 @@ export type StickerPackRefType = Readonly<{
 export type UnprocessedType = {
   id: string;
   timestamp: number;
+  /*
+   * A client generated date used for removing old envelopes from the table
+   * on startup.
+   */
+  receivedAtDate: number;
   receivedAtCounter: number;
   attempts: number;
   type: number;
diff --git a/ts/sql/Server.ts b/ts/sql/Server.ts
index bad24d8b7..c9df8c42d 100644
--- a/ts/sql/Server.ts
+++ b/ts/sql/Server.ts
@@ -4629,6 +4629,7 @@ function saveUnprocessed(db: WritableDB, data: UnprocessedType): string {
   const {
     id,
     timestamp,
+    receivedAtDate,
     receivedAtCounter,
     attempts,
     type,
@@ -4659,6 +4660,7 @@ function saveUnprocessed(db: WritableDB, data: UnprocessedType): string {
       id,
       timestamp,
       receivedAtCounter,
+      receivedAtDate,
       attempts,
       type,
       isEncrypted,
@@ -4680,6 +4682,7 @@ function saveUnprocessed(db: WritableDB, data: UnprocessedType): string {
       $id,
       $timestamp,
       $receivedAtCounter,
+      $receivedAtDate,
       $attempts,
       $type,
       $isEncrypted,
@@ -4702,7 +4705,8 @@ function saveUnprocessed(db: WritableDB, data: UnprocessedType): string {
   ).run({
     id,
     timestamp,
-    receivedAtCounter: receivedAtCounter ?? null,
+    receivedAtCounter,
+    receivedAtDate,
     attempts,
     type,
     isEncrypted: isEncrypted ? 1 : 0,
@@ -4750,9 +4754,11 @@ function getAllUnprocessedIds(db: WritableDB): Array<string> {
   return db.transaction(() => {
     // cleanup first
     const { changes: deletedStaleCount } = db
-      .prepare<Query>('DELETE FROM unprocessed WHERE timestamp < $monthAgo')
+      .prepare<Query>(
+        'DELETE FROM unprocessed WHERE receivedAtDate < $messageQueueCutoff'
+      )
       .run({
-        monthAgo: Date.now() - 45 * durations.DAY,
+        messageQueueCutoff: Date.now() - 45 * durations.DAY,
       });
 
     if (deletedStaleCount !== 0) {
diff --git a/ts/sql/migrations/1320-unprocessed-received-at-date.ts b/ts/sql/migrations/1320-unprocessed-received-at-date.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4a4156204
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ts/sql/migrations/1320-unprocessed-received-at-date.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// Copyright 2025 Signal Messenger, LLC
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only
+
+import type { LoggerType } from '../../types/Logging';
+import { sql } from '../util';
+import type { WritableDB } from '../Interface';
+
+export const version = 1320;
+
+export function updateToSchemaVersion1320(
+  currentVersion: number,
+  db: WritableDB,
+  logger: LoggerType
+): void {
+  if (currentVersion >= 1320) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  db.transaction(() => {
+    const [query] = sql`
+      DROP INDEX unprocessed_timestamp;
+
+      ALTER TABLE unprocessed
+        ADD COLUMN receivedAtDate INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL;
+
+      UPDATE unprocessed
+        SET receivedAtDate = timestamp;
+
+      CREATE INDEX unprocessed_byReceivedAtDate ON unprocessed
+        (receivedAtDate);
+    `;
+    db.exec(query);
+
+    db.pragma('user_version = 1320');
+  })();
+
+  logger.info('updateToSchemaVersion1320: success!');
+}
diff --git a/ts/sql/migrations/index.ts b/ts/sql/migrations/index.ts
index 15d879db3..a7db78ca8 100644
--- a/ts/sql/migrations/index.ts
+++ b/ts/sql/migrations/index.ts
@@ -107,10 +107,11 @@ import { updateToSchemaVersion1270 } from './1270-normalize-messages';
 import { updateToSchemaVersion1280 } from './1280-blob-unprocessed';
 import { updateToSchemaVersion1290 } from './1290-int-unprocessed-source-device';
 import { updateToSchemaVersion1300 } from './1300-sticker-pack-refs';
+import { updateToSchemaVersion1310 } from './1310-muted-fixup';
 import {
-  updateToSchemaVersion1310,
+  updateToSchemaVersion1320,
   version as MAX_VERSION,
-} from './1310-muted-fixup';
+} from './1320-unprocessed-received-at-date';
 import { DataWriter } from '../Server';
 
 function updateToSchemaVersion1(
@@ -2089,6 +2090,7 @@ export const SCHEMA_VERSIONS = [
 
   updateToSchemaVersion1300,
   updateToSchemaVersion1310,
+  updateToSchemaVersion1320,
 ];
 
 export class DBVersionFromFutureError extends Error {
diff --git a/ts/test-electron/SignalProtocolStore_test.ts b/ts/test-electron/SignalProtocolStore_test.ts
index cb654a0f9..723be4d19 100644
--- a/ts/test-electron/SignalProtocolStore_test.ts
+++ b/ts/test-electron/SignalProtocolStore_test.ts
@@ -54,6 +54,8 @@ describe('SignalProtocolStore', () => {
   let identityKey: KeyPairType;
   let testKey: KeyPairType;
 
+  const NOW = Date.now();
+
   const unprocessedDefaults = {
     type: 1,
     messageAgeSec: 1,
@@ -73,6 +75,7 @@ describe('SignalProtocolStore', () => {
 
     isEncrypted: true,
     content: Buffer.from('content'),
+    timestamp: NOW,
   };
 
   function getSessionRecord(isOpen?: boolean): SessionRecord {
@@ -1254,7 +1257,7 @@ describe('SignalProtocolStore', () => {
             id: '2-two',
 
             content: Buffer.from('second'),
-            timestamp: Date.now() + 2,
+            receivedAtDate: Date.now() + 2,
           },
           { zone }
         );
@@ -1312,7 +1315,7 @@ describe('SignalProtocolStore', () => {
               id: '2-two',
 
               content: Buffer.from('second'),
-              timestamp: 2,
+              receivedAtDate: 2,
             },
             { zone }
           );
@@ -1436,8 +1439,6 @@ describe('SignalProtocolStore', () => {
   });
 
   describe('Not yet processed messages', () => {
-    const NOW = Date.now();
-
     beforeEach(async () => {
       await store.removeAllUnprocessed();
       const items = await store.getUnprocessedByIdsAndIncrementAttempts(
@@ -1454,7 +1455,7 @@ describe('SignalProtocolStore', () => {
 
           content: Buffer.from('old envelope'),
           receivedAtCounter: -1,
-          timestamp: NOW - 2 * durations.MONTH,
+          receivedAtDate: NOW - 2 * durations.MONTH,
         }),
         store.addUnprocessed({
           ...unprocessedDefaults,
@@ -1462,7 +1463,7 @@ describe('SignalProtocolStore', () => {
 
           content: Buffer.from('second'),
           receivedAtCounter: 1,
-          timestamp: NOW + 2,
+          receivedAtDate: NOW + 2,
         }),
         store.addUnprocessed({
           ...unprocessedDefaults,
@@ -1470,7 +1471,7 @@ describe('SignalProtocolStore', () => {
 
           content: Buffer.from('third'),
           receivedAtCounter: 2,
-          timestamp: NOW + 3,
+          receivedAtDate: NOW + 3,
         }),
         store.addUnprocessed({
           ...unprocessedDefaults,
@@ -1478,7 +1479,7 @@ describe('SignalProtocolStore', () => {
 
           content: Buffer.from('first'),
           receivedAtCounter: 0,
-          timestamp: NOW + 1,
+          receivedAtDate: NOW + 1,
         }),
       ]);
 
@@ -1501,7 +1502,7 @@ describe('SignalProtocolStore', () => {
 
         id,
 
-        timestamp: NOW + 1,
+        receivedAtDate: NOW + 1,
       });
       await store.removeUnprocessed(id);
 
@@ -1518,7 +1519,7 @@ describe('SignalProtocolStore', () => {
         id: '1-one',
 
         attempts: 10,
-        timestamp: NOW + 1,
+        receivedAtDate: NOW + 1,
       });
 
       const items = await store.getUnprocessedByIdsAndIncrementAttempts(
diff --git a/ts/test-mock/messaging/unprocessed_test.ts b/ts/test-mock/messaging/unprocessed_test.ts
index 0176af7ea..7edb02fb2 100644
--- a/ts/test-mock/messaging/unprocessed_test.ts
+++ b/ts/test-mock/messaging/unprocessed_test.ts
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ describe('unprocessed', function (this: Mocha.Suite) {
       sends.push(
         alice.sendText(desktop, `hello: ${i}`, {
           timestamp: bootstrap.getTimestamp(),
+          sealed: i % 2 === 0,
         })
       );
     }
@@ -91,6 +92,7 @@ describe('unprocessed', function (this: Mocha.Suite) {
       .locator(`[data-testid="${alice.device.aci}"] >> "${alice.profileName}"`)
       .click();
 
+    await page.locator('.module-message__text >> "hello: 4"').waitFor();
     await page.locator('.module-message__text >> "hello: 5"').waitFor();
   });
 });
diff --git a/ts/textsecure/MessageReceiver.ts b/ts/textsecure/MessageReceiver.ts
index f8837deb0..c16711e58 100644
--- a/ts/textsecure/MessageReceiver.ts
+++ b/ts/textsecure/MessageReceiver.ts
@@ -874,9 +874,8 @@ export default class MessageReceiver
 
       const envelope: ProcessedEnvelope = {
         id: item.id,
-        receivedAtCounter: item.receivedAtCounter ?? item.timestamp,
-        receivedAtDate:
-          item.receivedAtCounter == null ? Date.now() : item.timestamp,
+        receivedAtCounter: item.receivedAtCounter,
+        receivedAtDate: item.receivedAtDate,
         messageAgeSec: item.messageAgeSec,
 
         // Proto.Envelope fields
@@ -1189,11 +1188,8 @@ export default class MessageReceiver
       sourceServiceId: envelope.sourceServiceId,
       sourceDevice: envelope.sourceDevice,
       destinationServiceId: envelope.destinationServiceId,
-
-      // This field is only used for aging items out of the cache. The original
-      //   envelope's timestamp will be used when retrying this item.
-      timestamp: envelope.receivedAtDate,
-
+      timestamp: envelope.timestamp,
+      receivedAtDate: envelope.receivedAtDate,
       attempts: 0,
       isEncrypted: true,
       content: envelope.content,