git-annex/Utility/Process.hs

{- System.Process enhancements, including additional ways of running
 - processes, and logging.
 -
 - Copyright 2012-2015 Joey Hess <id@joeyh.name>
 -
 - License: BSD-2-clause
 -}

{-# LANGUAGE CPP, Rank2Types #-}
{-# OPTIONS_GHC -fno-warn-tabs #-}

module Utility.Process (
	module X,
	CreateProcess(..),
	StdHandle(..),
	readProcess,
	readProcess',
	readProcessEnv,
	writeReadProcessEnv,
	forceSuccessProcess,
	forceSuccessProcess',
	checkSuccessProcess,
	ignoreFailureProcess,
	createProcessSuccess,
	createProcessChecked,
	createBackgroundProcess,
	processTranscript,
	processTranscript',
	withHandle,
	withIOHandles,
	withOEHandles,
	withQuietOutput,
	feedWithQuietOutput,
	createProcess,
	waitForProcess,
	startInteractiveProcess,
	stdinHandle,
	stdoutHandle,
	stderrHandle,
	ioHandles,
	processHandle,
	devNull,
) where

import qualified Utility.Process.Shim
import qualified Utility.Process.Shim as X hiding (CreateProcess(..), createProcess, runInteractiveProcess, readProcess, readProcessWithExitCode, system, rawSystem, runInteractiveCommand, runProcess)
import Utility.Process.Shim hiding (createProcess, readProcess, waitForProcess)
import Utility.Misc
import Utility.Exception

import System.Exit
import System.IO
import System.Log.Logger
import Control.Concurrent
import qualified Control.Exception as E
import Control.Monad
#ifndef mingw32_HOST_OS
import qualified System.Posix.IO
#else
import Control.Applicative
#endif
import Data.Maybe
import Prelude

type CreateProcessRunner = forall a. CreateProcess -> ((Maybe Handle, Maybe Handle, Maybe Handle, ProcessHandle) -> IO a) -> IO a

data StdHandle = StdinHandle | StdoutHandle | StderrHandle
	deriving (Eq)

-- | Normally, when reading from a process, it does not need to be fed any
-- standard input.
readProcess :: FilePath	-> [String] -> IO String
readProcess cmd args = readProcessEnv cmd args Nothing

readProcessEnv :: FilePath -> [String] -> Maybe [(String, String)] -> IO String
readProcessEnv cmd args environ = readProcess' p
  where
	p = (proc cmd args)
		{ std_out = CreatePipe
		, env = environ
		}

readProcess' :: CreateProcess -> IO String
readProcess' p = withHandle StdoutHandle createProcessSuccess p $ \h -> do
	output  <- hGetContentsStrict h
	hClose h
	return output

-- | Runs an action to write to a process on its stdin, 
-- returns its output, and also allows specifying the environment.
writeReadProcessEnv
	:: FilePath
	-> [String]
	-> Maybe [(String, String)]
	-> (Maybe (Handle -> IO ()))
	-> (Maybe (Handle -> IO ()))
	-> IO String
writeReadProcessEnv cmd args environ writestdin adjusthandle = do
	(Just inh, Just outh, _, pid) <- createProcess p

	maybe (return ()) (\a -> a inh) adjusthandle
	maybe (return ()) (\a -> a outh) adjusthandle

	-- fork off a thread to start consuming the output
	output  <- hGetContents outh
	outMVar <- newEmptyMVar
	_ <- forkIO $ E.evaluate (length output) >> putMVar outMVar ()

	-- now write and flush any input
	maybe (return ()) (\a -> a inh >> hFlush inh) writestdin
	hClose inh -- done with stdin

	-- wait on the output
	takeMVar outMVar
	hClose outh

	-- wait on the process
	forceSuccessProcess p pid

	return output

  where
	p = (proc cmd args)
		{ std_in = CreatePipe
		, std_out = CreatePipe
		, std_err = Inherit
		, env = environ
		}

-- | Waits for a ProcessHandle, and throws an IOError if the process
-- did not exit successfully.
forceSuccessProcess :: CreateProcess -> ProcessHandle -> IO ()
forceSuccessProcess p pid = waitForProcess pid >>= forceSuccessProcess' p

forceSuccessProcess' :: CreateProcess -> ExitCode -> IO ()
forceSuccessProcess' _ ExitSuccess = return ()
forceSuccessProcess' p (ExitFailure n) = fail $
	showCmd p ++ " exited " ++ show n

-- | Waits for a ProcessHandle and returns True if it exited successfully.
-- Note that using this with createProcessChecked will throw away
-- the Bool, and is only useful to ignore the exit code of a process,
-- while still waiting for it. -}
checkSuccessProcess :: ProcessHandle -> IO Bool
checkSuccessProcess pid = do
	code <- waitForProcess pid
	return $ code == ExitSuccess

ignoreFailureProcess :: ProcessHandle -> IO Bool
ignoreFailureProcess pid = do
	void $ waitForProcess pid
	return True

-- | Runs createProcess, then an action on its handles, and then
-- forceSuccessProcess.
createProcessSuccess :: CreateProcessRunner
createProcessSuccess p a = createProcessChecked (forceSuccessProcess p) p a

-- | Runs createProcess, then an action on its handles, and then
-- a checker action on its exit code, which must wait for the process.
createProcessChecked :: (ProcessHandle -> IO b) -> CreateProcessRunner
createProcessChecked checker p a = do
	t@(_, _, _, pid) <- createProcess p
	r <- tryNonAsync $ a t
	_ <- checker pid
	either E.throw return r

-- | Leaves the process running, suitable for lazy streaming.
-- Note: Zombies will result, and must be waited on.
createBackgroundProcess :: CreateProcessRunner
createBackgroundProcess p a = a =<< createProcess p

-- | Runs a process, optionally feeding it some input, and
-- returns a transcript combining its stdout and stderr, and
-- whether it succeeded or failed.
processTranscript :: String -> [String] -> (Maybe String) -> IO (String, Bool)
processTranscript cmd opts = processTranscript' (proc cmd opts)

processTranscript' :: CreateProcess -> Maybe String -> IO (String, Bool)
processTranscript' cp input = do
#ifndef mingw32_HOST_OS
{- This implementation interleves stdout and stderr in exactly the order
 - the process writes them. -}
	(readf, writef) <- System.Posix.IO.createPipe
	readh <- System.Posix.IO.fdToHandle readf
	writeh <- System.Posix.IO.fdToHandle writef
	p@(_, _, _, pid) <- createProcess $ cp
		{ std_in = if isJust input then CreatePipe else Inherit
		, std_out = UseHandle writeh
		, std_err = UseHandle writeh
		}
	hClose writeh

	get <- mkreader readh
	writeinput input p
	transcript <- get

	ok <- checkSuccessProcess pid
	return (transcript, ok)
#else
{- This implementation for Windows puts stderr after stdout. -}
	p@(_, _, _, pid) <- createProcess $ cp
		{ std_in = if isJust input then CreatePipe else Inherit
		, std_out = CreatePipe
		, std_err = CreatePipe
		}

	getout <- mkreader (stdoutHandle p)
	geterr <- mkreader (stderrHandle p)
	writeinput input p
	transcript <- (++) <$> getout <*> geterr

	ok <- checkSuccessProcess pid
	return (transcript, ok)
#endif
  where
	mkreader h = do
		s <- hGetContents h
		v <- newEmptyMVar
		void $ forkIO $ do
			void $ E.evaluate (length s)
			putMVar v ()
		return $ do
			takeMVar v
			return s

	writeinput (Just s) p = do
		let inh = stdinHandle p
		unless (null s) $ do
			hPutStr inh s
			hFlush inh
		hClose inh
	writeinput Nothing _ = return ()

-- | Runs a CreateProcessRunner, on a CreateProcess structure, that
-- is adjusted to pipe only from/to a single StdHandle, and passes
-- the resulting Handle to an action.
withHandle
	:: StdHandle
	-> CreateProcessRunner
	-> CreateProcess
	-> (Handle -> IO a)
	-> IO a
withHandle h creator p a = creator p' $ a . select
  where
	base = p
		{ std_in = Inherit
		, std_out = Inherit
		, std_err = Inherit
		}
	(select, p')
		| h == StdinHandle  =
			(stdinHandle, base { std_in = CreatePipe })
		| h == StdoutHandle =
			(stdoutHandle, base { std_out = CreatePipe })
		| h == StderrHandle =
			(stderrHandle, base { std_err = CreatePipe })

-- | Like withHandle, but passes (stdin, stdout) handles to the action.
withIOHandles
	:: CreateProcessRunner
	-> CreateProcess
	-> ((Handle, Handle) -> IO a)
	-> IO a
withIOHandles creator p a = creator p' $ a . ioHandles
  where
	p' = p
		{ std_in = CreatePipe
		, std_out = CreatePipe
		, std_err = Inherit
		}

-- | Like withHandle, but passes (stdout, stderr) handles to the action.
withOEHandles
	:: CreateProcessRunner
	-> CreateProcess
	-> ((Handle, Handle) -> IO a)
	-> IO a
withOEHandles creator p a = creator p' $ a . oeHandles
  where
	p' = p
		{ std_in = Inherit
		, std_out = CreatePipe
		, std_err = CreatePipe
		}

-- | Forces the CreateProcessRunner to run quietly;
-- both stdout and stderr are discarded.
withQuietOutput
	:: CreateProcessRunner
	-> CreateProcess
	-> IO ()
withQuietOutput creator p = withFile devNull WriteMode $ \nullh -> do
	let p' = p
		{ std_out = UseHandle nullh
		, std_err = UseHandle nullh
		}
	creator p' $ const $ return ()

-- | Stdout and stderr are discarded, while the process is fed stdin
-- from the handle.
feedWithQuietOutput
	:: CreateProcessRunner
	-> CreateProcess
	-> (Handle -> IO a)
	-> IO a
feedWithQuietOutput creator p a = withFile devNull WriteMode $ \nullh -> do
	let p' = p
		{ std_in = CreatePipe
		, std_out = UseHandle nullh
		, std_err = UseHandle nullh
		}
	creator p' $ a . stdinHandle

devNull :: FilePath
#ifndef mingw32_HOST_OS
devNull = "/dev/null"
#else
devNull = "NUL"
#endif

-- | Extract a desired handle from createProcess's tuple.
-- These partial functions are safe as long as createProcess is run
-- with appropriate parameters to set up the desired handle.
-- Get it wrong and the runtime crash will always happen, so should be
-- easily noticed.
type HandleExtractor = (Maybe Handle, Maybe Handle, Maybe Handle, ProcessHandle) -> Handle
stdinHandle :: HandleExtractor
stdinHandle (Just h, _, _, _) = h
stdinHandle _ = error "expected stdinHandle"
stdoutHandle :: HandleExtractor
stdoutHandle (_, Just h, _, _) = h
stdoutHandle _ = error "expected stdoutHandle"
stderrHandle :: HandleExtractor
stderrHandle (_, _, Just h, _) = h
stderrHandle _ = error "expected stderrHandle"
ioHandles :: (Maybe Handle, Maybe Handle, Maybe Handle, ProcessHandle) -> (Handle, Handle)
ioHandles (Just hin, Just hout, _, _) = (hin, hout)
ioHandles _ = error "expected ioHandles"
oeHandles :: (Maybe Handle, Maybe Handle, Maybe Handle, ProcessHandle) -> (Handle, Handle)
oeHandles (_, Just hout, Just herr, _) = (hout, herr)
oeHandles _ = error "expected oeHandles"

processHandle :: (Maybe Handle, Maybe Handle, Maybe Handle, ProcessHandle) -> ProcessHandle
processHandle (_, _, _, pid) = pid

-- | Shows the command that a CreateProcess will run.
showCmd :: CreateProcess -> String
showCmd = go . cmdspec
  where
	go (ShellCommand s) = s
	go (RawCommand c ps) = c ++ " " ++ show ps

-- | Starts an interactive process. Unlike runInteractiveProcess in
-- System.Process, stderr is inherited.
startInteractiveProcess
	:: FilePath
	-> [String]
	-> Maybe [(String, String)]
	-> IO (ProcessHandle, Handle, Handle)
startInteractiveProcess cmd args environ = do
	let p = (proc cmd args)
		{ std_in = CreatePipe
		, std_out = CreatePipe
		, std_err = Inherit
		, env = environ
		}
	(Just from, Just to, _, pid) <- createProcess p
	return (pid, to, from)

-- | Wrapper around 'System.Process.createProcess' that does debug logging.
createProcess :: CreateProcess -> IO (Maybe Handle, Maybe Handle, Maybe Handle, ProcessHandle)
createProcess p = do
	debugProcess p
	Utility.Process.Shim.createProcess p

-- | Debugging trace for a CreateProcess.
debugProcess :: CreateProcess -> IO ()
debugProcess p = debugM "Utility.Process" $ unwords
	[ action ++ ":"
	, showCmd p
	]
  where
	action
		| piped (std_in p) && piped (std_out p) = "chat"
		| piped (std_in p)                      = "feed"
		| piped (std_out p)                     = "read"
		| otherwise                             = "call"
	piped Inherit = False
	piped _ = True

-- | Wrapper around 'System.Process.waitForProcess' that does debug logging.
waitForProcess ::  ProcessHandle -> IO ExitCode
waitForProcess h = do
	r <- Utility.Process.Shim.waitForProcess h
	debugM "Utility.Process" ("process done " ++ show r)
	return r