git-annex/Annex/Link.hs

{- git-annex links to content
 -
 - On file systems that support them, symlinks are used.
 -
 - On other filesystems, git instead stores the symlink target in a regular
 - file.
 -
 - Pointer files are used instead of symlinks for unlocked files.
 -
 - Copyright 2013-2022 Joey Hess <id@joeyh.name>
 -
 - Licensed under the GNU AGPL version 3 or higher.
 -}

{-# LANGUAGE CPP, BangPatterns, OverloadedStrings #-}

module Annex.Link where

import Annex.Common
import qualified Annex
import qualified Annex.Queue
import qualified Git.Queue
import qualified Git.UpdateIndex
import qualified Git.Index
import qualified Git.LockFile
import qualified Git.Env
import qualified Git
import Logs.Restage
import Git.Types
import Git.FilePath
import Git.Config
import Annex.HashObject
import Annex.InodeSentinal
import Annex.PidLock
import Utility.FileMode
import Utility.InodeCache
import Utility.Tmp.Dir
import Utility.CopyFile
import qualified Database.Keys.Handle
import qualified Utility.RawFilePath as R

import qualified Data.ByteString as S
import qualified Data.ByteString.Char8 as S8
import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy as L
import qualified System.FilePath.ByteString as P
#ifndef mingw32_HOST_OS
#if MIN_VERSION_unix(2,8,0)
#else
import System.PosixCompat.Files (isSymbolicLink)
#endif
#endif

type LinkTarget = S.ByteString

{- Checks if a file is a link to a key. -}
isAnnexLink :: RawFilePath -> Annex (Maybe Key)
isAnnexLink file = maybe Nothing parseLinkTargetOrPointer <$> getAnnexLinkTarget file

{- Gets the link target of a symlink.
 -
 - On a filesystem that does not support symlinks, fall back to getting the
 - link target by looking inside the file.
 -
 - Returns Nothing if the file is not a symlink, or not a link to annex
 - content.
 -}
getAnnexLinkTarget :: RawFilePath -> Annex (Maybe LinkTarget)
getAnnexLinkTarget f = getAnnexLinkTarget' f
	=<< (coreSymlinks <$> Annex.getGitConfig)

{- Pass False to force looking inside file, for when git checks out
 - symlinks as plain files. -}
getAnnexLinkTarget' :: RawFilePath -> Bool -> Annex (Maybe S.ByteString)
getAnnexLinkTarget' file coresymlinks = if coresymlinks
	then check probesymlink $
		return Nothing
	else check probesymlink $
		check probefilecontent $
			return Nothing
  where
	check getlinktarget fallback = 
		liftIO (catchMaybeIO getlinktarget) >>= \case
			Just l
				| isLinkToAnnex l -> return (Just l)
				| otherwise -> return Nothing
			Nothing -> fallback

	probesymlink = R.readSymbolicLink file

	probefilecontent = withFile (fromRawFilePath file) ReadMode $ \h -> do
		s <- S.hGet h maxSymlinkSz
		-- If we got the full amount, the file is too large
		-- to be a symlink target.
		return $ if S.length s == maxSymlinkSz
			then mempty
			else 
				-- If there are any NUL or newline
				-- characters, or whitespace, we
				-- certainly don't have a symlink to a
				-- git-annex key.
				if any (`S8.elem` s) ("\0\n\r \t" :: [Char])
					then mempty
					else s

makeAnnexLink :: LinkTarget -> RawFilePath -> Annex ()
makeAnnexLink = makeGitLink

{- Creates a link on disk.
 -
 - On a filesystem that does not support symlinks, writes the link target
 - to a file. Note that git will only treat the file as a symlink if
 - it's staged as such, so use addAnnexLink when adding a new file or
 - modified link to git.
 -}
makeGitLink :: LinkTarget -> RawFilePath -> Annex ()
makeGitLink linktarget file = ifM (coreSymlinks <$> Annex.getGitConfig)
	( liftIO $ do
		void $ tryIO $ R.removeLink file
		R.createSymbolicLink linktarget file
	, liftIO $ S.writeFile (fromRawFilePath file) linktarget
	)

{- Creates a link on disk, and additionally stages it in git. -}
addAnnexLink :: LinkTarget -> RawFilePath -> Annex ()
addAnnexLink linktarget file = do
	makeAnnexLink linktarget file
	stageSymlink file =<< hashSymlink linktarget

{- Injects a symlink target into git, returning its Sha. -}
hashSymlink :: LinkTarget -> Annex Sha
hashSymlink = hashBlob . toInternalGitPath

{- Stages a symlink to an annexed object, using a Sha of its target. -}
stageSymlink :: RawFilePath -> Sha -> Annex ()
stageSymlink file sha =
	Annex.Queue.addUpdateIndex =<<
		inRepo (Git.UpdateIndex.stageSymlink file sha)

{- Injects a pointer file content into git, returning its Sha. -}
hashPointerFile :: Key -> Annex Sha
hashPointerFile key = hashBlob $ formatPointer key

{- Stages a pointer file, using a Sha of its content -}
stagePointerFile :: RawFilePath -> Maybe FileMode -> Sha -> Annex ()
stagePointerFile file mode sha =
	Annex.Queue.addUpdateIndex =<<
		inRepo (Git.UpdateIndex.stageFile sha treeitemtype file)
  where
	treeitemtype
		| maybe False isExecutable mode = TreeExecutable
		| otherwise = TreeFile

writePointerFile :: RawFilePath -> Key -> Maybe FileMode -> IO ()
writePointerFile file k mode = do
	S.writeFile (fromRawFilePath file) (formatPointer k)
	maybe noop (R.setFileMode file) mode

newtype Restage = Restage Bool

{- Restage pointer file. This is used after updating a worktree file
 - when content is added/removed, to prevent git status from showing
 - it as modified.
 -
 - The InodeCache is for the worktree file. It is used to detect when
 - the worktree file is changed by something else before git update-index
 - gets to look at it.
 -
 - Asks git to refresh its index information for the file.
 - That in turn runs the clean filter on the file; when the clean
 - filter produces the same pointer that was in the index before, git
 - realizes that the file has not actually been modified.
 -
 - Note that, if the pointer file is staged for deletion, or has different
 - content than the current worktree content staged, this won't change
 - that. So it's safe to call at any time and any situation.
 -
 - If the index is known to be locked (eg, git add has run git-annex),
 - that would fail. Restage False will prevent the index being updated,
 - and will store it in the restage log. Displays a message to help the
 - user understand why the file will appear to be modified.
 -
 - This uses the git queue, so the update is not performed immediately,
 - and this can be run multiple times cheaply. Using the git queue also
 - prevents building up too large a number of updates when many files
 - are being processed. It's also recorded in the restage log so that,
 - if the process is interrupted before the git queue is fulushed, the
 - restage will be taken care of later.
 -}
restagePointerFile :: Restage -> RawFilePath -> InodeCache -> Annex ()
restagePointerFile (Restage False) f orig = do
	flip writeRestageLog orig =<< inRepo (toTopFilePath f)
	toplevelWarning True $ unableToRestage $ Just f
restagePointerFile (Restage True) f orig = do
	flip writeRestageLog orig =<< inRepo (toTopFilePath f)
	-- Avoid refreshing the index if run by the
	-- smudge clean filter, because git uses that when
	-- it's already refreshing the index, probably because
	-- this very action is running. Running it again would likely
	-- deadlock.
	unlessM (Annex.getState Annex.insmudgecleanfilter) $
		Annex.Queue.addFlushAction restagePointerFileRunner [f]

restagePointerFileRunner :: Git.Queue.FlushActionRunner Annex
restagePointerFileRunner = 
	Git.Queue.FlushActionRunner "restagePointerFiles" $ \r _fs ->
		restagePointerFiles r

-- Restage all files in the restage log that have not been modified.
--
-- Other changes to the files may have been staged before this
-- gets a chance to run. To avoid a race with any staging of
-- changes, first lock the index file. Then run git update-index
-- on all still-unmodified files, using a copy of the index file,
-- to bypass the lock. Then replace the old index file with the new
-- updated index file.
restagePointerFiles :: Git.Repo -> Annex ()
restagePointerFiles r = unlessM (Annex.getState Annex.insmudgecleanfilter) $ do
	-- Flush any queued changes to the keys database, so they
	-- are visible to child processes.
	-- The database is closed because that may improve behavior
	-- when run in Windows's WSL1, which has issues with
	-- multiple writers to SQL databases.
	liftIO . Database.Keys.Handle.closeDbHandle
		=<< Annex.getRead Annex.keysdbhandle
	realindex <- liftIO $ Git.Index.currentIndexFile r
	numsz@(numfiles, _) <- calcnumsz
	let lock = fromRawFilePath (Git.Index.indexFileLock realindex)
	    lockindex = liftIO $ catchMaybeIO $ Git.LockFile.openLock' lock
	    unlockindex = liftIO . maybe noop Git.LockFile.closeLock
	    showwarning = warning $ unableToRestage Nothing
	    go Nothing = showwarning
	    go (Just _) = withtmpdir $ \tmpdir -> do
		tsd <- getTSDelta 
		let tmpindex = toRawFilePath (tmpdir </> "index")
		let replaceindex = liftIO $ moveFile tmpindex realindex
		let updatetmpindex = do
			r' <- liftIO $ Git.Env.addGitEnv r Git.Index.indexEnv
				=<< Git.Index.indexEnvVal tmpindex
			configfilterprocess numsz $
				runupdateindex tsd r' replaceindex
			return True
		ok <- liftIO (createLinkOrCopy realindex tmpindex)
			<&&> catchBoolIO updatetmpindex
		unless ok showwarning
	when (numfiles > 0) $
		bracket lockindex unlockindex go
  where
	withtmpdir = withTmpDirIn (fromRawFilePath $ Git.localGitDir r) "annexindex"

	isunmodified tsd f orig = 
		genInodeCache f tsd >>= return . \case
			Nothing -> False
			Just new -> compareStrong orig new
			
	{- Avoid git warning about CRLF munging -}
	avoidcrlfwarning r' = r' { gitGlobalOpts = gitGlobalOpts r' ++
		[ Param "-c"
		, Param $ "core.safecrlf=" ++ boolConfig False
		] }
			
	runupdateindex tsd r' replaceindex = 
		runsGitAnnexChildProcessViaGit' (avoidcrlfwarning r') $ \r'' ->
			Git.UpdateIndex.refreshIndex r'' $ \feeder -> do
				let atend = do
					-- wait for index write
					liftIO $ feeder Nothing
					replaceindex
				streamRestageLog atend $ \topf ic -> do
					let f = fromTopFilePath topf r''
					liftIO $ whenM (isunmodified tsd f ic) $
						feedupdateindex f feeder
	
	{- update-index is documented as picky about "./file" and it
	 - fails on "../../repo/path/file" when cwd is not in the repo 
	 - being acted on. Avoid these problems with an absolute path.
	 -}
	feedupdateindex f feeder = do
		absf <- absPath f
		feeder (Just absf)
	
	calcnumsz = calcRestageLog (0, 0) $ \(_f, ic) (numfiles, sizefiles) ->
		(numfiles+1, sizefiles + inodeCacheFileSize ic)

	{- filter.annex.process configured to use git-annex filter-process
	 - is sometimes faster and sometimes slower than using
	 - git-annex smudge. The latter is run once per file, while
	 - the former has the content of files piped to it.
	 -}
	filterprocessfaster :: (Integer, FileSize) -> Bool
	filterprocessfaster (numfiles, sizefiles) = 
		let estimate_enabled = sizefiles `div` 191739611
		    estimate_disabled = numfiles `div` 7
		in estimate_enabled <= estimate_disabled
	 
	 {- This disables filter.annex.process if it's set when it would
	  - probably not be faster to use it. Unfortunately, simply
	  - passing -c filter.annex.process= also prevents git from
	  - running the smudge filter, so .git/config has to be modified
	  - to disable it. The modification is reversed at the end. In
	  - case this process is terminated early, the next time this
	  - runs it will take care of reversing the modification.
	  -}
	configfilterprocess numsz = bracket setup cleanup . const
	  where
		setup
			| filterprocessfaster numsz = return Nothing
			| otherwise = fromRepo (Git.Config.getMaybe ck) >>= \case
				Nothing -> return Nothing
				Just v -> do
					void $ inRepo (Git.Config.change ckd (fromConfigValue v))
					void $ inRepo (Git.Config.unset ck)
					return (Just v)
		cleanup (Just v) = do
			void $ inRepo $ Git.Config.change ck (fromConfigValue v)
			void $ inRepo (Git.Config.unset ckd)
		cleanup Nothing = fromRepo (Git.Config.getMaybe ckd) >>= \case
			Nothing -> return ()
			Just v -> do
				whenM (isNothing <$> fromRepo (Git.Config.getMaybe ck)) $
					void $ inRepo (Git.Config.change ck (fromConfigValue v))
				void $ inRepo (Git.Config.unset ckd)
		ck = ConfigKey "filter.annex.process"
		ckd = ConfigKey "filter.annex.process-temp-disabled"

unableToRestage :: Maybe RawFilePath -> StringContainingQuotedPath
unableToRestage mf =
	"git status will show " <> maybe "some files" QuotedPath mf
	<> " to be modified, since content availability has changed"
	<> " and git-annex was unable to update the index."
	<> " This is only a cosmetic problem affecting git status; git add,"
	<> " git commit, etc won't be affected."
	<> " To fix the git status display, you can run:"
	<> " git-annex restage"

{- Parses a symlink target or a pointer file to a Key.
 -
 - Makes sure that the pointer file is valid, including not being longer
 - than the maximum allowed size of a valid pointer file, and that any
 - subsequent lines after the first contain the validPointerLineTag.
 - If a valid pointer file gets some other data appended to it, it should
 - never be considered valid, unless that data happened to itself be a
 - valid pointer file.
 -}
parseLinkTargetOrPointer :: S.ByteString -> Maybe Key
parseLinkTargetOrPointer = either (const Nothing) id
	. parseLinkTargetOrPointer'

data InvalidAppendedPointerFile = InvalidAppendedPointerFile

parseLinkTargetOrPointer' :: S.ByteString -> Either InvalidAppendedPointerFile (Maybe Key)
parseLinkTargetOrPointer' b = 
	let (firstline, rest) = S8.span (/= '\n') b
	in case parsekey $ droptrailing '\r' firstline of
		Just k
			| S.length b > maxValidPointerSz -> Left InvalidAppendedPointerFile
			| restvalid (dropleading '\n' rest) -> Right (Just k)
			| otherwise -> Left InvalidAppendedPointerFile
		Nothing -> Right Nothing
  where
	parsekey l
		| isLinkToAnnex l = fileKey $ snd $ S8.breakEnd pathsep l
		| otherwise = Nothing

	restvalid r
		| S.null r = True
		| otherwise = 
			let (l, r') = S8.span (/= '\n') r
			in validPointerLineTag `S.isInfixOf` l
				&& (not (S8.null r') && S8.head r' == '\n')
				&& restvalid (S8.tail r')

	dropleading c l
		| S.null l = l
		| S8.head l == c = S8.tail l
		| otherwise = l
	
	droptrailing c l
		| S.null l = l
		| S8.last l == c = S8.init l
		| otherwise = l
	
	pathsep '/' = True
#ifdef mingw32_HOST_OS
	pathsep '\\' = True
#endif
	pathsep _ = False

{- Avoid looking at more of the lazy ByteString than necessary since it
 - could be reading from a large file that is not a pointer file. -}
parseLinkTargetOrPointerLazy :: L.ByteString -> Maybe Key
parseLinkTargetOrPointerLazy = either (const Nothing) id
	. parseLinkTargetOrPointerLazy'

parseLinkTargetOrPointerLazy' :: L.ByteString -> Either InvalidAppendedPointerFile (Maybe Key)
parseLinkTargetOrPointerLazy' b = 
	let b' = L.take (fromIntegral maxPointerSz) b
	in parseLinkTargetOrPointer' (L.toStrict b')

formatPointer :: Key -> S.ByteString
formatPointer k = prefix <> keyFile k <> nl
  where
	prefix = toInternalGitPath $ P.pathSeparator `S.cons` objectDir
	nl = S8.singleton '\n'

{- Maximum size of a file that could be a pointer to a key.
 - Check to avoid buffering really big files in git into
 - memory when reading files that may be pointers.
 -
 - 8192 bytes is plenty for a pointer to a key. This adds some additional
 - padding to allow for pointer files that have lines of additional data
 - after the key.
 -
 - One additional byte is used to detect when a valid pointer file
 - got something else appended to it.
 -}
maxPointerSz :: Int
maxPointerSz = maxValidPointerSz + 1

{- Maximum size of a valid pointer files is 32kb. -}
maxValidPointerSz :: Int
maxValidPointerSz = 32768

maxSymlinkSz :: Int
maxSymlinkSz = 8192

{- Checks if a worktree file is a pointer to a key.
 -
 - Unlocked files whose content is present are not detected by this.
 -
 - It's possible, though unlikely, that an annex symlink points to
 - an object that looks like a pointer file. Or that a non-annex
 - symlink does. Avoids a false positive in those cases.
 - -}
isPointerFile :: RawFilePath -> IO (Maybe Key)
isPointerFile f = catchDefaultIO Nothing $
#if defined(mingw32_HOST_OS)
	withFile (fromRawFilePath f) ReadMode readhandle
#else
#if MIN_VERSION_unix(2,8,0)
	let open = do
		fd <- openFd (fromRawFilePath f) ReadOnly 
			(defaultFileFlags { nofollow = True })
		fdToHandle fd
	in bracket open hClose readhandle
#else
	ifM (isSymbolicLink <$> R.getSymbolicLinkStatus f)
		( return Nothing
		, withFile (fromRawFilePath f) ReadMode readhandle
		)
#endif
#endif
  where
	readhandle h = parseLinkTargetOrPointer <$> S.hGet h maxPointerSz

{- Checks a symlink target or pointer file first line to see if it
 - appears to point to annexed content.
 -
 - We only look for paths inside the .git directory, and not at the .git
 - directory itself, because GIT_DIR may cause a directory name other
 - than .git to be used.
 -}
isLinkToAnnex :: S.ByteString -> Bool
isLinkToAnnex s = p `S.isInfixOf` s
#ifdef mingw32_HOST_OS
	-- '/' is used inside pointer files on Windows, not the native '\'
	|| p' `S.isInfixOf` s
#endif
  where
	p = P.pathSeparator `S.cons` objectDir
#ifdef mingw32_HOST_OS
	p' = toInternalGitPath p
#endif

{- String that must appear on every line of a valid pointer file. -}
validPointerLineTag :: S.ByteString
validPointerLineTag = "/annex/"