cache the serialization of a Key

This will speed up the common case where a Key is deserialized from
disk, but is then serialized to build eg, the path to the annex object.

Previously attempted in 4536c93bb2
and reverted in 96aba8eff7.
The problems mentioned in the latter commit are addressed now:

Read/Show of KeyData is backwards-compatible with Read/Show of Key from before
this change, so Types.Distribution will keep working.

The Eq instance is fixed.

Also, Key has smart constructors, avoiding needing to remember to update
the cached serialization.

Used git-annex benchmark:
  find is 7% faster
  whereis is 3% faster
  get when all files are already present is 5% faster
Generally, the benchmarks are running 0.1 seconds faster per 2000 files,
on a ram disk in my laptop.

Remote/S3.hs

@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ checkKey hv r rs c info k = withS3Handle hv $ \case
 			Right us -> do
 				showChecking r
 				let check u = withUrlOptions $ 
-					Url.checkBoth u (keySize k)
+					Url.checkBoth u (fromKey keySize k)
 				anyM check us
 
 checkKeyHelper :: S3Info -> S3Handle -> (Either S3.Object S3VersionID) -> Annex Bool
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ checkPresentExportS3 hv r info k loc = withS3Handle hv $ \case
 	Just h -> checkKeyHelper info h (Left (T.pack $ bucketExportLocation info loc))
 	Nothing -> case getPublicUrlMaker info of
 		Just geturl -> withUrlOptions $
-			Url.checkBoth (geturl $ bucketExportLocation info loc) (keySize k)
+			Url.checkBoth (geturl $ bucketExportLocation info loc) (fromKey keySize k)
 		Nothing -> do
 			warning $ needS3Creds (uuid r)
 			giveup "No S3 credentials configured"