cache the serialization of a Key

This will speed up the common case where a Key is deserialized from
disk, but is then serialized to build eg, the path to the annex object.

Previously attempted in 4536c93bb2
and reverted in 96aba8eff7.
The problems mentioned in the latter commit are addressed now:

Read/Show of KeyData is backwards-compatible with Read/Show of Key from before
this change, so Types.Distribution will keep working.

The Eq instance is fixed.

Also, Key has smart constructors, avoiding needing to remember to update
the cached serialization.

Used git-annex benchmark:
  find is 7% faster
  whereis is 3% faster
  get when all files are already present is 5% faster
Generally, the benchmarks are running 0.1 seconds faster per 2000 files,
on a ram disk in my laptop.

Command/TestRemote.hs

@@ -107,14 +107,14 @@ perform rs unavailrs exportr ks = do
 	next $ cleanup rs ks ok
   where
 	desc r' k = intercalate "; " $ map unwords
-		[ [ "key size", show (keySize k) ]
+		[ [ "key size", show (fromKey keySize k) ]
 		, [ show (getChunkConfig (Remote.config r')) ]
 		, ["encryption", fromMaybe "none" (M.lookup "encryption" (Remote.config r'))]
 		]
 	descexport k1 k2 = intercalate "; " $ map unwords
 		[ [ "exporttree=yes" ]
-		, [ "key1 size", show (keySize k1) ]
-		, [ "key2 size", show (keySize k2) ]
+		, [ "key1 size", show (fromKey keySize k1) ]
+		, [ "key2 size", show (fromKey keySize k2) ]
 		]
 
 adjustChunkSize :: Remote -> Int -> Annex (Maybe Remote)
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ test st r k = catMaybes
 		Annex.eval st (Annex.setOutput QuietOutput >> a) @? "failed"
 	present b = check ("present " ++ show b) $
 		(== Right b) <$> Remote.hasKey r k
-	fsck = case maybeLookupBackendVariety (keyVariety k) of
+	fsck = case maybeLookupBackendVariety (fromKey keyVariety k) of
 		Nothing -> return True
 		Just b -> case Backend.verifyKeyContent b of
 			Nothing -> return True