# protocol
> Register a custom protocol and intercept existing protocol requests.
Process: [Main](../glossary.md#main-process)
An example of implementing a protocol that has the same effect as the
`file://` protocol:
```javascript
const { app, protocol } = require('electron')
const path = require('path')
app.on('ready', () => {
protocol.registerFileProtocol('atom', (request, callback) => {
const url = request.url.substr(7)
callback({ path: path.normalize(`${__dirname}/${url}`) })
}, (error) => {
if (error) console.error('Failed to register protocol')
})
})
```
**Note:** All methods unless specified can only be used after the `ready` event
of the `app` module gets emitted.
## Using `protocol` with a custom `partition` or `session`
A protocol is registered to a specific Electron [`session`](./session.md) object. If you don't specify a session, then your `protocol` will be applied to the default session that Electron uses. However, if you define a `partition` or `session` on your `browserWindow`'s `webPreferences`, then that window will use a different session and your custom protocol will not work if you just use `electron.protocol.XXX`.
To have your custom protocol work in combination with a custom session, you need to register it to that session explicitly.
```javascript
const { session, app, protocol } = require('electron')
const path = require('path')
app.on('ready', () => {
const partition = 'persist:example'
const ses = session.fromPartition(partition)
ses.protocol.registerFileProtocol('atom', (request, callback) => {
const url = request.url.substr(7)
callback({ path: path.normalize(`${__dirname}/${url}`) })
}, (error) => {
if (error) console.error('Failed to register protocol')
})
mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({
width: 800,
height: 600,
webPreferences: {
partition: partition
}
})
})
```
## Methods
The `protocol` module has the following methods:
### `protocol.registerSchemesAsPrivileged(customSchemes)`
* `customSchemes` [CustomScheme[]](structures/custom-scheme.md)
**Note:** This method can only be used before the `ready` event of the `app`
module gets emitted and can be called only once.
Registers the `scheme` as standard, secure, bypasses content security policy for resources,
allows registering ServiceWorker and supports fetch API.
Specify a privilege with the value of `true` to enable the capability.
An example of registering a privileged scheme, with bypassing Content Security Policy:
```javascript
const { protocol } = require('electron')
protocol.registerSchemesAsPrivileged([
{ scheme: 'foo', privileges: { bypassCSP: true } }
])
```
A standard scheme adheres to what RFC 3986 calls [generic URI
syntax](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3). For example `http` and
`https` are standard schemes, while `file` is not.
Registering a scheme as standard, will allow relative and absolute resources to
be resolved correctly when served. Otherwise the scheme will behave like the
`file` protocol, but without the ability to resolve relative URLs.
For example when you load following page with custom protocol without
registering it as standard scheme, the image will not be loaded because
non-standard schemes can not recognize relative URLs:
```html
```
Registering a scheme as standard will allow access to files through the
[FileSystem API][file-system-api]. Otherwise the renderer will throw a security
error for the scheme.
By default web storage apis (localStorage, sessionStorage, webSQL, indexedDB, cookies)
are disabled for non standard schemes. So in general if you want to register a
custom protocol to replace the `http` protocol, you have to register it as a standard scheme.
`protocol.registerSchemesAsPrivileged` can be used to replicate the functionality of the previous `protocol.registerStandardSchemes`, `webFrame.registerURLSchemeAs*` and `protocol.registerServiceWorkerSchemes` functions that existed prior to Electron 5.0.0, for example:
**before (<= v4.x)**
```javascript
// Main
protocol.registerStandardSchemes(['scheme1', 'scheme2'], { secure: true })
// Renderer
webFrame.registerURLSchemeAsPrivileged('scheme1', { secure: true })
webFrame.registerURLSchemeAsPrivileged('scheme2', { secure: true })
```
**after (>= v5.x)**
```javascript
protocol.registerSchemesAsPrivileged([
{ scheme: 'scheme1', privileges: { standard: true, secure: true } },
{ scheme: 'scheme2', privileges: { standard: true, secure: true } }
])
```
### `protocol.registerFileProtocol(scheme, handler[, completion])`
* `scheme` String
* `handler` Function
* `request` Object
* `url` String
* `referrer` String
* `method` String
* `uploadData` [UploadData[]](structures/upload-data.md)
* `callback` Function
* `filePath` String (optional)
* `completion` Function (optional)
* `error` Error
Registers a protocol of `scheme` that will send the file as a response. The
`handler` will be called with `handler(request, callback)` when a `request` is
going to be created with `scheme`. `completion` will be called with
`completion(null)` when `scheme` is successfully registered or
`completion(error)` when failed.
To handle the `request`, the `callback` should be called with either the file's
path or an object that has a `path` property, e.g. `callback(filePath)` or
`callback({ path: filePath })`. The object may also have a `headers` property
which gives a list of strings for the response headers, e.g.
`callback({ path: filePath, headers: ["Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'none'"]})`.
When `callback` is called with nothing, a number, or an object that has an
`error` property, the `request` will fail with the `error` number you
specified. For the available error numbers you can use, please see the
[net error list][net-error].
By default the `scheme` is treated like `http:`, which is parsed differently
than protocols that follow the "generic URI syntax" like `file:`.
### `protocol.registerBufferProtocol(scheme, handler[, completion])`
* `scheme` String
* `handler` Function
* `request` Object
* `url` String
* `referrer` String
* `method` String
* `uploadData` [UploadData[]](structures/upload-data.md)
* `callback` Function
* `buffer` (Buffer | [MimeTypedBuffer](structures/mime-typed-buffer.md)) (optional)
* `completion` Function (optional)
* `error` Error
Registers a protocol of `scheme` that will send a `Buffer` as a response.
The usage is the same with `registerFileProtocol`, except that the `callback`
should be called with either a `Buffer` object or an object that has the `data`,
`mimeType`, and `charset` properties.
Example:
```javascript
const { protocol } = require('electron')
protocol.registerBufferProtocol('atom', (request, callback) => {
callback({ mimeType: 'text/html', data: Buffer.from('Response
') })
}, (error) => {
if (error) console.error('Failed to register protocol')
})
```
### `protocol.registerStringProtocol(scheme, handler[, completion])`
* `scheme` String
* `handler` Function
* `request` Object
* `url` String
* `referrer` String
* `method` String
* `uploadData` [UploadData[]](structures/upload-data.md)
* `callback` Function
* `data` String (optional)
* `completion` Function (optional)
* `error` Error
Registers a protocol of `scheme` that will send a `String` as a response.
The usage is the same with `registerFileProtocol`, except that the `callback`
should be called with either a `String` or an object that has the `data`,
`mimeType`, and `charset` properties.
### `protocol.registerHttpProtocol(scheme, handler[, completion])`
* `scheme` String
* `handler` Function
* `request` Object
* `url` String
* `headers` Object
* `referrer` String
* `method` String
* `uploadData` [UploadData[]](structures/upload-data.md)
* `callback` Function
* `redirectRequest` Object
* `url` String
* `method` String
* `session` Object (optional)
* `uploadData` Object (optional)
* `contentType` String - MIME type of the content.
* `data` String - Content to be sent.
* `completion` Function (optional)
* `error` Error
Registers a protocol of `scheme` that will send an HTTP request as a response.
The usage is the same with `registerFileProtocol`, except that the `callback`
should be called with a `redirectRequest` object that has the `url`, `method`,
`referrer`, `uploadData` and `session` properties.
By default the HTTP request will reuse the current session. If you want the
request to have a different session you should set `session` to `null`.
For POST requests the `uploadData` object must be provided.
### `protocol.registerStreamProtocol(scheme, handler[, completion])`
* `scheme` String
* `handler` Function
* `request` Object
* `url` String
* `headers` Object
* `referrer` String
* `method` String
* `uploadData` [UploadData[]](structures/upload-data.md)
* `callback` Function
* `stream` (ReadableStream | [StreamProtocolResponse](structures/stream-protocol-response.md)) (optional)
* `completion` Function (optional)
* `error` Error
Registers a protocol of `scheme` that will send a `Readable` as a response.
The usage is similar to the other `register{Any}Protocol`, except that the
`callback` should be called with either a `Readable` object or an object that
has the `data`, `statusCode`, and `headers` properties.
Example:
```javascript
const { protocol } = require('electron')
const { PassThrough } = require('stream')
function createStream (text) {
const rv = new PassThrough() // PassThrough is also a Readable stream
rv.push(text)
rv.push(null)
return rv
}
protocol.registerStreamProtocol('atom', (request, callback) => {
callback({
statusCode: 200,
headers: {
'content-type': 'text/html'
},
data: createStream('Response
')
})
}, (error) => {
if (error) console.error('Failed to register protocol')
})
```
It is possible to pass any object that implements the readable stream API (emits
`data`/`end`/`error` events). For example, here's how a file could be returned:
```javascript
const { protocol } = require('electron')
const fs = require('fs')
protocol.registerStreamProtocol('atom', (request, callback) => {
callback(fs.createReadStream('index.html'))
}, (error) => {
if (error) console.error('Failed to register protocol')
})
```
### `protocol.unregisterProtocol(scheme[, completion])`
* `scheme` String
* `completion` Function (optional)
* `error` Error
Unregisters the custom protocol of `scheme`.
### `protocol.isProtocolHandled(scheme, callback)`
* `scheme` String
* `callback` Function
* `handled` Boolean
The `callback` will be called with a boolean that indicates whether there is
already a handler for `scheme`.
**[Deprecated Soon](modernization/promisification.md)**
### `protocol.isProtocolHandled(scheme)`
* `scheme` String
Returns `Promise` - fulfilled with a boolean that indicates whether there is
already a handler for `scheme`.
### `protocol.interceptFileProtocol(scheme, handler[, completion])`
* `scheme` String
* `handler` Function
* `request` Object
* `url` String
* `referrer` String
* `method` String
* `uploadData` [UploadData[]](structures/upload-data.md)
* `callback` Function
* `filePath` String
* `completion` Function (optional)
* `error` Error
Intercepts `scheme` protocol and uses `handler` as the protocol's new handler
which sends a file as a response.
### `protocol.interceptStringProtocol(scheme, handler[, completion])`
* `scheme` String
* `handler` Function
* `request` Object
* `url` String
* `referrer` String
* `method` String
* `uploadData` [UploadData[]](structures/upload-data.md)
* `callback` Function
* `data` String (optional)
* `completion` Function (optional)
* `error` Error
Intercepts `scheme` protocol and uses `handler` as the protocol's new handler
which sends a `String` as a response.
### `protocol.interceptBufferProtocol(scheme, handler[, completion])`
* `scheme` String
* `handler` Function
* `request` Object
* `url` String
* `referrer` String
* `method` String
* `uploadData` [UploadData[]](structures/upload-data.md)
* `callback` Function
* `buffer` Buffer (optional)
* `completion` Function (optional)
* `error` Error
Intercepts `scheme` protocol and uses `handler` as the protocol's new handler
which sends a `Buffer` as a response.
### `protocol.interceptHttpProtocol(scheme, handler[, completion])`
* `scheme` String
* `handler` Function
* `request` Object
* `url` String
* `headers` Object
* `referrer` String
* `method` String
* `uploadData` [UploadData[]](structures/upload-data.md)
* `callback` Function
* `redirectRequest` Object
* `url` String
* `method` String
* `session` Object (optional)
* `uploadData` Object (optional)
* `contentType` String - MIME type of the content.
* `data` String - Content to be sent.
* `completion` Function (optional)
* `error` Error
Intercepts `scheme` protocol and uses `handler` as the protocol's new handler
which sends a new HTTP request as a response.
### `protocol.interceptStreamProtocol(scheme, handler[, completion])`
* `scheme` String
* `handler` Function
* `request` Object
* `url` String
* `headers` Object
* `referrer` String
* `method` String
* `uploadData` [UploadData[]](structures/upload-data.md)
* `callback` Function
* `stream` (ReadableStream | [StreamProtocolResponse](structures/stream-protocol-response.md)) (optional)
* `completion` Function (optional)
* `error` Error
Same as `protocol.registerStreamProtocol`, except that it replaces an existing
protocol handler.
### `protocol.uninterceptProtocol(scheme[, completion])`
* `scheme` String
* `completion` Function (optional)
* `error` Error
Remove the interceptor installed for `scheme` and restore its original handler.
[net-error]: https://code.google.com/p/chromium/codesearch#chromium/src/net/base/net_error_list.h
[file-system-api]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/LocalFileSystem