# Breaking Changes

Breaking changes will be documented here, and deprecation warnings added to JS code where possible, at least [one major version](../tutorial/electron-versioning.md#semver) before the change is made.

## `FIXME` comments

The `FIXME` string is used in code comments to denote things that should be fixed for future releases. See https://github.com/electron/electron/search?q=fixme

## Planned Breaking API Changes (9.0)

### `<webview>.getWebContents()`

This API, which was deprecated in Electron 8.0, is now removed.

```js
// Removed in Electron 9.0
webview.getWebContents()
// Replace with
const { remote } = require('electron')
remote.webContents.fromId(webview.getWebContentsId())
```

## Planned Breaking API Changes (8.0)

### Values sent over IPC are now serialized with Structured Clone Algorithm

The algorithm used to serialize objects sent over IPC (through
`ipcRenderer.send`, `ipcRenderer.sendSync`, `WebContents.send` and related
methods) has been switched from a custom algorithm to V8's built-in [Structured
Clone Algorithm][SCA], the same algorithm used to serialize messages for
`postMessage`. This brings about a 2x performance improvement for large
messages, but also brings some breaking changes in behavior.

- Sending Functions, Promises, WeakMaps, WeakSets, or objects containing any
  such values, over IPC will now throw an exception, instead of silently
  converting the functions to `undefined`.
```js
// Previously:
ipcRenderer.send('channel', { value: 3, someFunction: () => {} })
// => results in { value: 3 } arriving in the main process

// From Electron 8:
ipcRenderer.send('channel', { value: 3, someFunction: () => {} })
// => throws Error("() => {} could not be cloned.")
```
- `NaN`, `Infinity` and `-Infinity` will now be correctly serialized, instead
  of being converted to `null`.
- Objects containing cyclic references will now be correctly serialized,
  instead of being converted to `null`.
- `Set`, `Map`, `Error` and `RegExp` values will be correctly serialized,
  instead of being converted to `{}`.
- `BigInt` values will be correctly serialized, instead of being converted to
  `null`.
- Sparse arrays will be serialized as such, instead of being converted to dense
  arrays with `null`s.
- `Date` objects will be transferred as `Date` objects, instead of being
  converted to their ISO string representation.
- Typed Arrays (such as `Uint8Array`, `Uint16Array`, `Uint32Array` and so on)
  will be transferred as such, instead of being converted to Node.js `Buffer`.
- Node.js `Buffer` objects will be transferred as `Uint8Array`s. You can
  convert a `Uint8Array` back to a Node.js `Buffer` by wrapping the underlying
  `ArrayBuffer`:
```js
Buffer.from(value.buffer, value.byteOffset, value.byteLength)
```

Sending any objects that aren't native JS types, such as DOM objects (e.g.
`Element`, `Location`, `DOMMatrix`), Node.js objects (e.g. `process.env`,
`Stream`), or Electron objects (e.g. `WebContents`, `BrowserWindow`,
`WebFrame`) is deprecated. In Electron 8, these objects will be serialized as
before with a DeprecationWarning message, but starting in Electron 9, sending
these kinds of objects will throw a 'could not be cloned' error.

[SCA]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Workers_API/Structured_clone_algorithm

### `<webview>.getWebContents()`

This API is implemented using the `remote` module, which has both performance
and security implications. Therefore its usage should be explicit.

```js
// Deprecated
webview.getWebContents()
// Replace with
const { remote } = require('electron')
remote.webContents.fromId(webview.getWebContentsId())
```

However, it is recommended to avoid using the `remote` module altogether.

```js
// main
const { ipcMain, webContents } = require('electron')

const getGuestForWebContents = function (webContentsId, contents) {
  const guest = webContents.fromId(webContentsId)
  if (!guest) {
    throw new Error(`Invalid webContentsId: ${webContentsId}`)
  }
  if (guest.hostWebContents !== contents) {
    throw new Error(`Access denied to webContents`)
  }
  return guest
}

ipcMain.handle('openDevTools', (event, webContentsId) => {
  const guest = getGuestForWebContents(webContentsId, event.sender)
  guest.openDevTools()
})

// renderer
const { ipcRenderer } = require('electron')

ipcRenderer.invoke('openDevTools', webview.getWebContentsId())
```

## Planned Breaking API Changes (7.0)

### Node Headers URL

This is the URL specified as `disturl` in a `.npmrc` file or as the `--dist-url`
command line flag when building native Node modules.  Both will be supported for
the foreseeable future but it is recommended that you switch.

Deprecated: https://atom.io/download/electron

Replace with: https://electronjs.org/headers

### `session.clearAuthCache(options)`

The `session.clearAuthCache` API no longer accepts options for what to clear, and instead unconditionally clears the whole cache.

```js
// Deprecated
session.clearAuthCache({ type: 'password' })
// Replace with
session.clearAuthCache()
```

### `powerMonitor.querySystemIdleState`

```js
// Removed in Electron 7.0
powerMonitor.querySystemIdleState(threshold, callback)
// Replace with synchronous API
const idleState = getSystemIdleState(threshold)
```

### `powerMonitor.querySystemIdleTime`

```js
// Removed in Electron 7.0
powerMonitor.querySystemIdleTime(callback)
// Replace with synchronous API
const idleTime = getSystemIdleTime()
```

### webFrame Isolated World APIs

```js
// Removed in Elecron 7.0
webFrame.setIsolatedWorldContentSecurityPolicy(worldId, csp)
webFrame.setIsolatedWorldHumanReadableName(worldId, name)
webFrame.setIsolatedWorldSecurityOrigin(worldId, securityOrigin)
// Replace with
webFrame.setIsolatedWorldInfo(
  worldId,
  {
    securityOrigin: 'some_origin',
    name: 'human_readable_name',
    csp: 'content_security_policy'
  })
```

### Removal of deprecated `marked` property on getBlinkMemoryInfo

This property was removed in Chromium 77, and as such is no longer available.

## Planned Breaking API Changes (6.0)

### `win.setMenu(null)`

```js
// Deprecated
win.setMenu(null)
// Replace with
win.removeMenu()
```

### `contentTracing.getTraceBufferUsage()`

```js
// Deprecated
contentTracing.getTraceBufferUsage((percentage, value) => {
  // do something
})
// Replace with
contentTracing.getTraceBufferUsage().then(infoObject => {
  // infoObject has percentage and value fields
})
```

### `electron.screen` in renderer process

```js
// Deprecated
require('electron').screen
// Replace with
require('electron').remote.screen
```

### `require` in sandboxed renderers

```js
// Deprecated
require('child_process')
// Replace with
require('electron').remote.require('child_process')

// Deprecated
require('fs')
// Replace with
require('electron').remote.require('fs')

// Deprecated
require('os')
// Replace with
require('electron').remote.require('os')

// Deprecated
require('path')
// Replace with
require('electron').remote.require('path')
```

### `powerMonitor.querySystemIdleState`

```js
// Deprecated
powerMonitor.querySystemIdleState(threshold, callback)
// Replace with synchronous API
const idleState = getSystemIdleState(threshold)
```

### `powerMonitor.querySystemIdleTime`

```js
// Deprecated
powerMonitor.querySystemIdleTime(callback)
// Replace with synchronous API
const idleTime = getSystemIdleTime()
```

### `app.enableMixedSandbox`

```js
// Deprecated
app.enableMixedSandbox()
```

Mixed-sandbox mode is now enabled by default.

### `Tray`

Under macOS Catalina our former Tray implementation breaks.
Apple's native substitute doesn't support changing the highlighting behavior.

```js
// Deprecated
tray.setHighlightMode(mode)
// API will be removed in v7.0 without replacement.
```

## Planned Breaking API Changes (5.0)

### `new BrowserWindow({ webPreferences })`

The following `webPreferences` option default values are deprecated in favor of the new defaults listed below.

| Property | Deprecated Default | New Default |
|----------|--------------------|-------------|
| `contextIsolation` | `false` | `true` |
| `nodeIntegration` | `true` | `false` |
| `webviewTag` | `nodeIntegration` if set else `true` | `false` |

E.g. Re-enabling the webviewTag

```js
const w = new BrowserWindow({
  webPreferences: {
    webviewTag: true
  }
})
```

### `nativeWindowOpen`

Child windows opened with the `nativeWindowOpen` option will always have Node.js integration disabled, unless `nodeIntegrationInSubFrames` is `true.

### Privileged Schemes Registration

Renderer process APIs `webFrame.setRegisterURLSchemeAsPrivileged` and `webFrame.registerURLSchemeAsBypassingCSP` as well as browser process API `protocol.registerStandardSchemes` have been removed.
A new API, `protocol.registerSchemesAsPrivileged` has been added and should be used for registering custom schemes with the required privileges. Custom schemes are required to be registered before app ready.

### webFrame Isolated World APIs

```js
// Deprecated
webFrame.setIsolatedWorldContentSecurityPolicy(worldId, csp)
webFrame.setIsolatedWorldHumanReadableName(worldId, name)
webFrame.setIsolatedWorldSecurityOrigin(worldId, securityOrigin)
// Replace with
webFrame.setIsolatedWorldInfo(
  worldId,
  {
    securityOrigin: 'some_origin',
    name: 'human_readable_name',
    csp: 'content_security_policy'
  })
```

## `webFrame.setSpellCheckProvider`
The `spellCheck` callback is now asynchronous, and `autoCorrectWord` parameter has been removed.
```js
// Deprecated
webFrame.setSpellCheckProvider('en-US', true, {
  spellCheck: (text) => {
    return !spellchecker.isMisspelled(text)
  }
})
// Replace with
webFrame.setSpellCheckProvider('en-US', {
  spellCheck: (words, callback) => {
    callback(words.filter(text => spellchecker.isMisspelled(text)))
  }
})
```

## Planned Breaking API Changes (4.0)

The following list includes the breaking API changes made in Electron 4.0.

### `app.makeSingleInstance`

```js
// Deprecated
app.makeSingleInstance((argv, cwd) => {
  /* ... */
})
// Replace with
app.requestSingleInstanceLock()
app.on('second-instance', (event, argv, cwd) => {
  /* ... */
})
```

### `app.releaseSingleInstance`

```js
// Deprecated
app.releaseSingleInstance()
// Replace with
app.releaseSingleInstanceLock()
```

### `app.getGPUInfo`

```js
app.getGPUInfo('complete')
// Now behaves the same with `basic` on macOS
app.getGPUInfo('basic')
```

### `win_delay_load_hook`

When building native modules for windows, the `win_delay_load_hook` variable in
the module's `binding.gyp` must be true (which is the default). If this hook is
not present, then the native module will fail to load on Windows, with an error
message like `Cannot find module`. See the [native module
guide](/docs/tutorial/using-native-node-modules.md) for more.

## Breaking API Changes (3.0)

The following list includes the breaking API changes in Electron 3.0.

### `app`

```js
// Deprecated
app.getAppMemoryInfo()
// Replace with
app.getAppMetrics()

// Deprecated
const metrics = app.getAppMetrics()
const { memory } = metrics[0] // Deprecated property
```

### `BrowserWindow`

```js
// Deprecated
let optionsA = { webPreferences: { blinkFeatures: '' } }
let windowA = new BrowserWindow(optionsA)
// Replace with
let optionsB = { webPreferences: { enableBlinkFeatures: '' } }
let windowB = new BrowserWindow(optionsB)

// Deprecated
window.on('app-command', (e, cmd) => {
  if (cmd === 'media-play_pause') {
    // do something
  }
})
// Replace with
window.on('app-command', (e, cmd) => {
  if (cmd === 'media-play-pause') {
    // do something
  }
})
```

### `clipboard`

```js
// Deprecated
clipboard.readRtf()
// Replace with
clipboard.readRTF()

// Deprecated
clipboard.writeRtf()
// Replace with
clipboard.writeRTF()

// Deprecated
clipboard.readHtml()
// Replace with
clipboard.readHTML()

// Deprecated
clipboard.writeHtml()
// Replace with
clipboard.writeHTML()
```

### `crashReporter`

```js
// Deprecated
crashReporter.start({
  companyName: 'Crashly',
  submitURL: 'https://crash.server.com',
  autoSubmit: true
})
// Replace with
crashReporter.start({
  companyName: 'Crashly',
  submitURL: 'https://crash.server.com',
  uploadToServer: true
})
```

### `nativeImage`

```js
// Deprecated
nativeImage.createFromBuffer(buffer, 1.0)
// Replace with
nativeImage.createFromBuffer(buffer, {
  scaleFactor: 1.0
})
```

### `process`

```js
// Deprecated
const info = process.getProcessMemoryInfo()
```

### `screen`

```js
// Deprecated
screen.getMenuBarHeight()
// Replace with
screen.getPrimaryDisplay().workArea
```

### `session`

```js
// Deprecated
ses.setCertificateVerifyProc((hostname, certificate, callback) => {
  callback(true)
})
// Replace with
ses.setCertificateVerifyProc((request, callback) => {
  callback(0)
})
```

### `Tray`

```js
// Deprecated
tray.setHighlightMode(true)
// Replace with
tray.setHighlightMode('on')

// Deprecated
tray.setHighlightMode(false)
// Replace with
tray.setHighlightMode('off')
```

### `webContents`

```js
// Deprecated
webContents.openDevTools({ detach: true })
// Replace with
webContents.openDevTools({ mode: 'detach' })

// Removed
webContents.setSize(options)
// There is no replacement for this API
```

### `webFrame`

```js
// Deprecated
webFrame.registerURLSchemeAsSecure('app')
// Replace with
protocol.registerStandardSchemes(['app'], { secure: true })

// Deprecated
webFrame.registerURLSchemeAsPrivileged('app', { secure: true })
// Replace with
protocol.registerStandardSchemes(['app'], { secure: true })
```

### `<webview>`

```js
// Removed
webview.setAttribute('disableguestresize', '')
// There is no replacement for this API

// Removed
webview.setAttribute('guestinstance', instanceId)
// There is no replacement for this API

// Keyboard listeners no longer work on webview tag
webview.onkeydown = () => { /* handler */ }
webview.onkeyup = () => { /* handler */ }
```

### Node Headers URL

This is the URL specified as `disturl` in a `.npmrc` file or as the `--dist-url`
command line flag when building native Node modules.

Deprecated: https://atom.io/download/atom-shell

Replace with: https://atom.io/download/electron

## Breaking API Changes (2.0)

The following list includes the breaking API changes made in Electron 2.0.

### `BrowserWindow`

```js
// Deprecated
let optionsA = { titleBarStyle: 'hidden-inset' }
let windowA = new BrowserWindow(optionsA)
// Replace with
let optionsB = { titleBarStyle: 'hiddenInset' }
let windowB = new BrowserWindow(optionsB)
```

### `menu`

```js
// Removed
menu.popup(browserWindow, 100, 200, 2)
// Replaced with
menu.popup(browserWindow, { x: 100, y: 200, positioningItem: 2 })
```

### `nativeImage`

```js
// Removed
nativeImage.toPng()
// Replaced with
nativeImage.toPNG()

// Removed
nativeImage.toJpeg()
// Replaced with
nativeImage.toJPEG()
```

### `process`

* `process.versions.electron` and `process.version.chrome` will be made
  read-only properties for consistency with the other `process.versions`
  properties set by Node.

### `webContents`

```js
// Removed
webContents.setZoomLevelLimits(1, 2)
// Replaced with
webContents.setVisualZoomLevelLimits(1, 2)
```

### `webFrame`

```js
// Removed
webFrame.setZoomLevelLimits(1, 2)
// Replaced with
webFrame.setVisualZoomLevelLimits(1, 2)
```

### `<webview>`

```js
// Removed
webview.setZoomLevelLimits(1, 2)
// Replaced with
webview.setVisualZoomLevelLimits(1, 2)
```

### Duplicate ARM Assets

Each Electron release includes two identical ARM builds with slightly different
filenames, like `electron-v1.7.3-linux-arm.zip` and
`electron-v1.7.3-linux-armv7l.zip`. The asset with the `v7l` prefix was added
to clarify to users which ARM version it supports, and to disambiguate it from
future armv6l and arm64 assets that may be produced.

The file _without the prefix_ is still being published to avoid breaking any
setups that may be consuming it. Starting at 2.0, the unprefixed file will
no longer be published.

For details, see
[6986](https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/6986)
and
[7189](https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/7189).