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📝 Fix some errors

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Felix Rieseberg 2018-02-01 09:58:02 -08:00
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docs/tutorial/security.md
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@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ effort are always very welcome.
A security issue exists whenever you receive code from a remote destination and A security issue exists whenever you receive code from a remote destination and
execute it locally. As an example, consider a remote website being displayed execute it locally. As an example, consider a remote website being displayed
inside a [`BrowserWindow`](browser-window). If an attacker somehow manages to inside a [`BrowserWindow`][browser-window]. If an attacker somehow manages to
change said content (either by attacking the source directly, or by sitting change said content (either by attacking the source directly, or by sitting
between your app and the actual destination), they will be able to execute between your app and the actual destination), they will be able to execute
native code on the user's machine. native code on the user's machine.
@ -52,29 +52,29 @@ native code on the user's machine.
> :warning: Under no circumstances should you load and execute remote code with > :warning: Under no circumstances should you load and execute remote code with
Node.js integration enabled. Instead, use only local files (packaged together Node.js integration enabled. Instead, use only local files (packaged together
with your application) to execute Node.js code. To display remote content, use with your application) to execute Node.js code. To display remote content, use
the [`webview`](web-view) tag and make sure to disable the `nodeIntegration`. the [`webview`][web-view] tag and make sure to disable the `nodeIntegration`.
#### Checklist: Security Recommendations #### Checklist: Security Recommendations
This is not bulletproof, but at the least, you should attempt the following: This is not bulletproof, but at the least, you should attempt the following:
* [Only load secure content](#only-load-secure-content) 1) [Only load secure content](#only-load-secure-content)
* [Disable the Node.js integration in all renderers that display remote content](#disable-node.js-integration-for-remote-content) 2) [Disable the Node.js integration in all renderers that display remote content](#disable-node.js-integration-for-remote-content)
* [Enable context isolation in all renderers that display remote content](#enable-context-isolation-for-remote-content) 3) [Enable context isolation in all renderers that display remote content](#enable-context-isolation-for-remote-content)
* [Use `ses.setPermissionRequestHandler()` in all sessions that load remote content](#handle-session-permission-requests-from-remote-content) 4) [Use `ses.setPermissionRequestHandler()` in all sessions that load remote content](#handle-session-permission-requests-from-remote-content)
* [Do not disable `webSecurity`](#do-not-disable-websecurity) 5) [Do not disable `webSecurity`](#do-not-disable-websecurity)
* [Define a `Content-Security-Policy`](#define-a-content-security-policy) 6) [Define a `Content-Security-Policy`](#define-a-content-security-policy)
and use restrictive rules (i.e. `script-src 'self'`) and use restrictive rules (i.e. `script-src 'self'`)
* [Override and disable `eval`](#override-and-disable-eval) 7) [Override and disable `eval`](#override-and-disable-eval)
, which allows strings to be executed as code. , which allows strings to be executed as code.
* [Do not set `allowRunningInsecureContent` to `true`](#do-not-set-allowRunningInsecureContent-to-true) 8) [Do not set `allowRunningInsecureContent` to `true`](#do-not-set-allowRunningInsecureContent-to-true)
* [Do not enable experimental features](#do-not-enable-experimental-features) 9) [Do not enable experimental features](#do-not-enable-experimental-features)
* [Do not use `blinkFeatures`](#do-not-use-blinkfeatures) 10) [Do not use `blinkFeatures`](#do-not-use-blinkfeatures)
* [WebViews: Do not use `allowpopups`](#do-not-use-allowpopups) 11) [WebViews: Do not use `allowpopups`](#do-not-use-allowpopups)
* [WebViews: Verify the options and params of all `<webview>` tags](#verify-webview-options-before-creation) 12) [WebViews: Verify the options and params of all `<webview>` tags](#verify-webview-options-before-creation)
## Only Load Secure Content ## 1) Only Load Secure Content
Any resources not included with your application should be loaded using a Any resources not included with your application should be loaded using a
secure protocol like `HTTPS`. In other words, do not use insecure protocols secure protocol like `HTTPS`. In other words, do not use insecure protocols
@ -114,11 +114,11 @@ browserWindow.loadURL('https://my-website.com')
``` ```
## Disable Node.js Integration for Remote Content ## 2) Disable Node.js Integration for Remote Content
It is paramount that you disable Node.js integration in any renderer It is paramount that you disable Node.js integration in any renderer
([`BrowserWindow`](browser-window), [`BrowserView`](browser-view), or ([`BrowserWindow`][browser-window], [`BrowserView`][browser-view], or
[`WebView`](web-view)) that loads remote content. The goal is to limit the [`WebView`][web-view]) that loads remote content. The goal is to limit the
powers you grant to remote content, thus making it dramatically more difficult powers you grant to remote content, thus making it dramatically more difficult
for an attacker to harm your users should they gain the ability to execute for an attacker to harm your users should they gain the ability to execute
JavaScript on your website. JavaScript on your website.
@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ window.readConfig = function () {
``` ```
## Enable Context Isolation for Remote Content ## 3) Enable Context Isolation for Remote Content
Context isolation is an Electron feature that allows developers to run code Context isolation is an Electron feature that allows developers to run code
in preload scripts and in Electron APIs in a dedicated JavaScript context. In in preload scripts and in Electron APIs in a dedicated JavaScript context. In
@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
``` ```
## Handle Session Permission Requests From Remote Content ## 4) Handle Session Permission Requests From Remote Content
You may have seen permission requests while using Chrome: They pop up whenever You may have seen permission requests while using Chrome: They pop up whenever
the website attempts to use a feature that the user has to manually approve ( the website attempts to use a feature that the user has to manually approve (
@ -277,171 +277,13 @@ session
``` ```
## Define a Content Security Policy ## 5) Do Not Disable WebSecurity
A Content Security Policy (CSP) is an additional layer of protection against
cross-site-scripting attacks and data injection attacks. We recommend that they
be enabled by any website you load inside Electron.
### Why?
CSP allows the server serving content to restrict and control the resources
Electron can load for that given web page. `https://your-page.com` should
be allowed to load scripts from the origins you defined while scripts from
`https://evil.attacker.com` should not be allowed to run. Defining a CSP is an
easy way to improve your applications security.
### How?
Electron respects [the `Content-Security-Policy` HTTP header](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Security-Policy)
and the respective `<meta>` tag.
The following CSP will allow Electron to execute scripts from the current
website and from `apis.mydomain.com`.
```txt
// Bad
Content-Security-Policy: '*'
// Good
Content-Security-Policy: script-src 'self' https://apis.mydomain.com
```
## Override and Disable `eval`
`eval()` is a core JavaScript method that allows the execution of JavaScript
from a string. Disabling it disables your app's ability to evaluate JavaScript
that is not known in advance.
### Why?
The `eval()` method has precisely one mission: To evaluate a series of
characters as JavaScript and execute it. It is a required method whenever you
need to evaluate code that is not known ahead of time. While legitimate use
cases exist, just like any other code generators, `eval()` is difficult to
harden.
Generally speaking, it is easier to completely disable `eval()` than to make
it bulletproof. Thus, if you do not need it, it is a good idea to disable it.
### How?
```js
// ESLint will warn about any use of eval(), even this one
// eslint-disable-next-line
window.eval = global.eval = function () {
throw new Error(`Sorry, this app does not support window.eval().`)
}
```
## Do Not Set `allowRunningInsecureContent` to `true`
_Recommendation is Electron's default_
By default, Electron will now allow websites loaded over `HTTPS` to load and
execute scripts, CSS, or plugins from insecure sources (`HTTP`). Setting the
property `allowRunningInsecureContent` to `true` disables that protection.
Loading the initial HTML of a website over `HTTPS` and attempting to load
subsequent resources via `HTTP` is also known as "mixed content".
### Why?
Simply put, loading content over `HTTPS` assures the authenticity and integrity
of the loaded resources while encrypting the traffic itself. See the section on
[only displaying secure content](#only-display-secure-content) for more details.
### How?
```js
// Bad
const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({
webPreferences: {
allowRunningInsecureContent: true
}
})
```
```js
// Good
const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({})
```
## Do Not Enable Experimental Features
_Recommendation is Electron's default_
Advanced users of Electron can enable experimental Chromium features using the
`experimentalFeatures` and `experimentalCanvasFeatures` properties.
### Why?
Experimental features are, as the name suggests, experimental and have not been
enabled for all Chromium users. Futhermore, their impact on Electron as a whole
has likely not been tested.
Legitimate use cases exist, but unless you know what you are doing, you should
not enable this property.
### How?
```js
// Bad
const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({
webPreferences: {
experimentalFeatures: true
}
})
```
```js
// Good
const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({})
```
## Do Not Use `blinkFeatures`
_Recommendation is Electron's default_
Blink is the name of the rendering engine behind Chromium. As with
`experimentalFeatures`, the `blinkFeatures` property allows developers to
enable features that have been disabled by default.
### Why?
Generally speaking, there are likely good reasons if a feature was not enabled
by default. Legitimate use cases for enabling specific features exist. As a
developer, you should know exactly why you need to enable a feature, what the
ramifications are, and how it impacts the security of your application. Under
no circumstances should you enable features speculatively.
### How?
```js
// Bad
const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({
webPreferences: {
blinkFeatures: ['ExecCommandInJavaScript']
}
})
```
```js
// Good
const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow()
```
## Do Not Disable WebSecurity
_Recommendation is Electron's default_ _Recommendation is Electron's default_
You may have already guessed that disabling the `webSecurity` property on a You may have already guessed that disabling the `webSecurity` property on a
renderer process ([`BrowserWindow`](browser-window), renderer process ([`BrowserWindow`][browser-window],
[`BrowserView`](browser-view), or [`WebView`](web-view)) disables crucial [`BrowserView`][browser-view], or [`WebView`][web-view]) disables crucial
security features. security features.
Do not disable `webSecurity` in production applications. Do not disable `webSecurity` in production applications.
@ -476,7 +318,165 @@ const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow()
``` ```
## Do Not Use `allowpopups` ## 6) Define a Content Security Policy
A Content Security Policy (CSP) is an additional layer of protection against
cross-site-scripting attacks and data injection attacks. We recommend that they
be enabled by any website you load inside Electron.
### Why?
CSP allows the server serving content to restrict and control the resources
Electron can load for that given web page. `https://your-page.com` should
be allowed to load scripts from the origins you defined while scripts from
`https://evil.attacker.com` should not be allowed to run. Defining a CSP is an
easy way to improve your applications security.
### How?
Electron respects [the `Content-Security-Policy` HTTP header](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Security-Policy)
and the respective `<meta>` tag.
The following CSP will allow Electron to execute scripts from the current
website and from `apis.mydomain.com`.
```txt
// Bad
Content-Security-Policy: '*'
// Good
Content-Security-Policy: script-src 'self' https://apis.mydomain.com
```
## 7) Override and Disable `eval`
`eval()` is a core JavaScript method that allows the execution of JavaScript
from a string. Disabling it disables your app's ability to evaluate JavaScript
that is not known in advance.
### Why?
The `eval()` method has precisely one mission: To evaluate a series of
characters as JavaScript and execute it. It is a required method whenever you
need to evaluate code that is not known ahead of time. While legitimate use
cases exist, just like any other code generators, `eval()` is difficult to
harden.
Generally speaking, it is easier to completely disable `eval()` than to make
it bulletproof. Thus, if you do not need it, it is a good idea to disable it.
### How?
```js
// ESLint will warn about any use of eval(), even this one
// eslint-disable-next-line
window.eval = global.eval = function () {
throw new Error(`Sorry, this app does not support window.eval().`)
}
```
## 8) Do Not Set `allowRunningInsecureContent` to `true`
_Recommendation is Electron's default_
By default, Electron will now allow websites loaded over `HTTPS` to load and
execute scripts, CSS, or plugins from insecure sources (`HTTP`). Setting the
property `allowRunningInsecureContent` to `true` disables that protection.
Loading the initial HTML of a website over `HTTPS` and attempting to load
subsequent resources via `HTTP` is also known as "mixed content".
### Why?
Simply put, loading content over `HTTPS` assures the authenticity and integrity
of the loaded resources while encrypting the traffic itself. See the section on
[only displaying secure content](#only-display-secure-content) for more details.
### How?
```js
// Bad
const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({
webPreferences: {
allowRunningInsecureContent: true
}
})
```
```js
// Good
const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({})
```
## 9) Do Not Enable Experimental Features
_Recommendation is Electron's default_
Advanced users of Electron can enable experimental Chromium features using the
`experimentalFeatures` and `experimentalCanvasFeatures` properties.
### Why?
Experimental features are, as the name suggests, experimental and have not been
enabled for all Chromium users. Futhermore, their impact on Electron as a whole
has likely not been tested.
Legitimate use cases exist, but unless you know what you are doing, you should
not enable this property.
### How?
```js
// Bad
const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({
webPreferences: {
experimentalFeatures: true
}
})
```
```js
// Good
const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({})
```
## 10) Do Not Use `blinkFeatures`
_Recommendation is Electron's default_
Blink is the name of the rendering engine behind Chromium. As with
`experimentalFeatures`, the `blinkFeatures` property allows developers to
enable features that have been disabled by default.
### Why?
Generally speaking, there are likely good reasons if a feature was not enabled
by default. Legitimate use cases for enabling specific features exist. As a
developer, you should know exactly why you need to enable a feature, what the
ramifications are, and how it impacts the security of your application. Under
no circumstances should you enable features speculatively.
### How?
```js
// Bad
const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({
webPreferences: {
blinkFeatures: ['ExecCommandInJavaScript']
}
})
```
```js
// Good
const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow()
```
## 11) Do Not Use `allowpopups`
_Recommendation is Electron's default_ _Recommendation is Electron's default_
@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ you know it needs that feature.
``` ```
## Verify WebView Options Before Creation ## 12) Verify WebView Options Before Creation
A WebView created in a renderer process that does not have Node.js integration A WebView created in a renderer process that does not have Node.js integration
enabled will not be able to enable integration itself. However, a WebView will enabled will not be able to enable integration itself. However, a WebView will