build: use our patch system to apply patches to upstream node (#19270)

This points our node repo at upstream (nodejs/node) and uses the base node tag as the target ref.  We then use our existing patch system and patch files to apply our changes on top of node.  This unifies how we patch upstream repos and makes our node patches easier to reason, view, understand and most importantly reduce.

patches/node/fix_expose_internalcallbackscope.patch

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+From 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: deepak1556 <hop2deep@gmail.com>
+Date: Sat, 6 Jan 2018 18:28:10 +0530
+Subject: fix: expose InternalCallbackScope
+
+This commit exposes InternalCallbackScope in order to allow us access to kAllowEmptyResource for usage https://github.com/electron/electron/blob/master/atom/common/api/atom_bindings.cc\#L108. We should look to accomplish this another way so we no longer need to do this, as in verbose mode the regular CallBack Scope doesn't swallow errors and so we can otherwise use it.
+
+diff --git a/src/node_internals.h b/src/node_internals.h
+index 21625e60232bbe586b312dc4928bcefdf507b229..9811c02d5438cd7008d3990f89b7161355e87cfc 100644
+--- a/src/node_internals.h
++++ b/src/node_internals.h
+@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ v8::MaybeLocal<v8::Value> InternalMakeCallback(
+     v8::Local<v8::Value> argv[],
+     async_context asyncContext);
+ 
+-class InternalCallbackScope {
++class NODE_EXTERN InternalCallbackScope {
+  public:
+   // Tell the constructor whether its `object` parameter may be empty or not.
+   enum ResourceExpectation { kRequireResource, kAllowEmptyResource };