fix: ensure that errors thrown in the context bridge are created in the correct context (#24534)

spec-main/api-context-bridge-spec.ts

@@ -500,6 +500,39 @@ describe('contextBridge', () => {
         expect(threw).to.equal(true);
       });
 
+      it('should copy thrown errors into the other context', async () => {
+        await makeBindingWindow(() => {
+          contextBridge.exposeInMainWorld('example', {
+            throwNormal: () => {
+              throw new Error('whoops');
+            },
+            throwWeird: () => {
+              throw 'this is no error...'; // eslint-disable-line no-throw-literal
+            },
+            throwNotClonable: () => {
+              return Object(Symbol('foo'));
+            },
+            argumentConvert: () => {}
+          });
+        });
+        const result = await callWithBindings((root: any) => {
+          const getError = (fn: Function) => {
+            try {
+              fn();
+            } catch (e) {
+              return e;
+            }
+            return null;
+          };
+          const normalIsError = Object.getPrototypeOf(getError(root.example.throwNormal)) === Error.prototype;
+          const weirdIsError = Object.getPrototypeOf(getError(root.example.throwWeird)) === Error.prototype;
+          const notClonableIsError = Object.getPrototypeOf(getError(root.example.throwNotClonable)) === Error.prototype;
+          const argumentConvertIsError = Object.getPrototypeOf(getError(() => root.example.argumentConvert(Object(Symbol('test'))))) === Error.prototype;
+          return [normalIsError, weirdIsError, notClonableIsError, argumentConvertIsError];
+        });
+        expect(result).to.deep.equal([true, true, true, true], 'should all be errors in the current context');
+      });
+
       it('should not leak prototypes', async () => {
         await makeBindingWindow(() => {
           contextBridge.exposeInMainWorld('example', {