# ipcMain

> Communicate asynchronously from the main process to renderer processes.

Process: [Main](../glossary.md#main-process)

The `ipcMain` module is an [Event Emitter][event-emitter]. When used in the main
process, it handles asynchronous and synchronous messages sent from a renderer
process (web page). Messages sent from a renderer will be emitted to this
module.

## Sending Messages

It is also possible to send messages from the main process to the renderer
process, see [webContents.send][web-contents-send] for more information.

* When sending a message, the event name is the `channel`.
* To reply to a synchronous message, you need to set `event.returnValue`.
* To send an asynchronous message back to the sender, you can use
  `event.reply(...)`.  This helper method will automatically handle messages
  coming from frames that aren't the main frame (e.g. iframes) whereas
  `event.sender.send(...)` will always send to the main frame.

An example of sending and handling messages between the render and main
processes:

```javascript
// In main process.
const { ipcMain } = require('electron')
ipcMain.on('asynchronous-message', (event, arg) => {
  console.log(arg) // prints "ping"
  event.reply('asynchronous-reply', 'pong')
})

ipcMain.on('synchronous-message', (event, arg) => {
  console.log(arg) // prints "ping"
  event.returnValue = 'pong'
})
```

```javascript
// In renderer process (web page).
// NB. Electron APIs are only accessible from preload, unless contextIsolation is disabled.
// See https://www.electronjs.org/docs/tutorial/process-model#preload-scripts for more details.
const { ipcRenderer } = require('electron')
console.log(ipcRenderer.sendSync('synchronous-message', 'ping')) // prints "pong"

ipcRenderer.on('asynchronous-reply', (event, arg) => {
  console.log(arg) // prints "pong"
})
ipcRenderer.send('asynchronous-message', 'ping')
```

## Methods

The `ipcMain` module has the following method to listen for events:

### `ipcMain.on(channel, listener)`

* `channel` String
* `listener` Function
  * `event` IpcMainEvent
  * `...args` any[]

Listens to `channel`, when a new message arrives `listener` would be called with
`listener(event, args...)`.

### `ipcMain.once(channel, listener)`

* `channel` String
* `listener` Function
  * `event` IpcMainEvent
  * `...args` any[]

Adds a one time `listener` function for the event. This `listener` is invoked
only the next time a message is sent to `channel`, after which it is removed.

### `ipcMain.removeListener(channel, listener)`

* `channel` String
* `listener` Function
  * `...args` any[]

Removes the specified `listener` from the listener array for the specified
`channel`.

### `ipcMain.removeAllListeners([channel])`

* `channel` String (optional)

Removes listeners of the specified `channel`.

### `ipcMain.handle(channel, listener)`

* `channel` String
* `listener` Function<Promise\<void> | any>
  * `event` IpcMainInvokeEvent
  * `...args` any[]

Adds a handler for an `invoke`able IPC. This handler will be called whenever a
renderer calls `ipcRenderer.invoke(channel, ...args)`.

If `listener` returns a Promise, the eventual result of the promise will be
returned as a reply to the remote caller. Otherwise, the return value of the
listener will be used as the value of the reply.

```js
// Main process
ipcMain.handle('my-invokable-ipc', async (event, ...args) => {
  const result = await somePromise(...args)
  return result
})

// Renderer process
async () => {
  const result = await ipcRenderer.invoke('my-invokable-ipc', arg1, arg2)
  // ...
}
```

The `event` that is passed as the first argument to the handler is the same as
that passed to a regular event listener. It includes information about which
WebContents is the source of the invoke request.

Errors thrown through `handle` in the main process are not transparent as they
are serialized and only the `message` property from the original error is
provided to the renderer process. Please refer to
[#24427](https://github.com/electron/electron/issues/24427) for details.

### `ipcMain.handleOnce(channel, listener)`

* `channel` String
* `listener` Function<Promise\<void> | any>
  * `event` IpcMainInvokeEvent
  * `...args` any[]

Handles a single `invoke`able IPC message, then removes the listener. See
`ipcMain.handle(channel, listener)`.

### `ipcMain.removeHandler(channel)`

* `channel` String

Removes any handler for `channel`, if present.

## IpcMainEvent object

The documentation for the `event` object passed to the `callback` can be found
in the [`ipc-main-event`](structures/ipc-main-event.md) structure docs.

## IpcMainInvokeEvent object

The documentation for the `event` object passed to `handle` callbacks can be
found in the [`ipc-main-invoke-event`](structures/ipc-main-invoke-event.md)
structure docs.

[event-emitter]: https://nodejs.org/api/events.html#events_class_eventemitter
[web-contents-send]: web-contents.md#contentssendchannel-args
