`dotnet --version` returns just the version number. This helps tools get this information without having to parse the full info.
Introduce a new argument `--info` that returns the current "long form". With this, we also change the long form to say "RID" instead of "Runtime ID" simply because that would avoid any future localization issues and thus make the parsing easier.
Fix#1607#1882
- Added --version-suffix to build and publish
- Support reading DOTNET_* version variables everywhere versions can be read
- Show the commit sha in dotnet --version
- Added tests that check the assembly output version
- Set DOTNET_BUILD_VERSION when producing the CLI app itself so that it has the version information stamped in for help.
