Compile incrementally

- Clone the args in the CompileContext constructor to bring uniformity
to the way args are accessed

- Compute IO for a project and have it shared between build and compile

- Extract dependency logic into facade

- Add tests for incremental build

- Add precondition checks for compiler IO

add --force-incremental-unsafe flag

src/Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Builder/BuilderCommandApp.cs

@@ -7,13 +7,16 @@ namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Build
 {
     internal class BuilderCommandApp : CompilerCommandApp
     {
-        private const string BuildProfileFlag = "--build-profile";
+        public const string BuildProfileFlag = "--build-profile";
+        public const string ForceUnsafeFlag = "--force-incremental-unsafe";
 
         public bool BuildProfileValue => OptionHasValue(BuildProfileFlag);
+        public bool ForceUnsafeValue => OptionHasValue(ForceUnsafeFlag);
 
         public BuilderCommandApp(string name, string fullName, string description) : base(name, fullName, description)
         {
             AddNoValueOption(BuildProfileFlag, "Set this flag to print the incremental safety checks that prevent incremental compilation");
+            AddNoValueOption(ForceUnsafeFlag, "Set this flag to mark the entire build as not safe for incrementality");
         }
     }
 }

src/Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Builder/CompileContext.cs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
 
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ using Microsoft.DotNet.Cli.Compiler.Common;
 
 namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Build
 {
+    // todo: Convert CompileContext into a DAG of dependencies: if a node needs recompilation, the entire path up to root needs compilation
     // Knows how to orchestrate compilation for a ProjectContext
     // Collects icnremental safety checks and transitively compiles a project context
     internal class CompileContext
@@ -23,27 +25,27 @@ namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Build
 
         private readonly ProjectContext _rootProject;
         private readonly BuilderCommandApp _args;
-        private readonly Dictionary<string, ProjectDescription> _dependencies;
-        private readonly string _outputPath;
-        private readonly string _intermediateOutputPath;
         private readonly IncrementalPreconditions _preconditions;
+        private readonly ProjectDependenciesFacade _dependencies;
 
-        public bool IsSafeForIncrementalCompilation => _preconditions.PreconditionsDetected();
+        public bool IsSafeForIncrementalCompilation => !_preconditions.PreconditionsDetected();
 
         public CompileContext(ProjectContext rootProject, BuilderCommandApp args)
         {
             _rootProject = rootProject;
-            _args = args;
+
+            // Cleaner to clone the args and mutate the clone than have separate CompileContext fields for mutated args 
+            // and then reasoning which ones to get from args and which ones from fields.
+            _args = (BuilderCommandApp) args.ShallowCopy();
 
             // Set up Output Paths. They are unique per each CompileContext
-            // Todo: clone args and mutate the clone so the rest of this class does not have special treatment for output paths
-            _outputPath = _rootProject.GetOutputPath(_args.ConfigValue, _args.OutputValue);
-            _intermediateOutputPath = _rootProject.GetIntermediateOutputPath(_args.ConfigValue, _args.IntermediateValue, _args.OutputValue);
+            _args.OutputValue = _rootProject.GetOutputPath(_args.ConfigValue, _args.OutputValue);
+            _args.IntermediateValue = _rootProject.GetIntermediateOutputPath(_args.ConfigValue, _args.IntermediateValue, _args.OutputValue);
 
             // Set up dependencies
-            _dependencies = GetProjectDependenciesWithSources(_rootProject, _args.ConfigValue);
+            _dependencies = new ProjectDependenciesFacade(_rootProject, _args.ConfigValue);
 
-            //gather preconditions
+            // gather preconditions
             _preconditions = GatherIncrementalPreconditions();
         }
 
@@ -51,26 +53,116 @@ namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Build
         {
             CreateOutputDirectories();
 
-            //compile dependencies
-            foreach (var dependency in Sort(_dependencies))
+            // compile dependencies
+            foreach (var dependency in Sort(_dependencies.ProjectDependenciesWithSources))
             {
-                if (!InvokeCompileOnDependency(dependency, _outputPath, _intermediateOutputPath))
+                if (incremental)
+                {
+                    var dependencyContext = ProjectContext.Create(dependency.Path, dependency.Framework);
+
+                    if (!NeedsRebuilding(dependencyContext, new ProjectDependenciesFacade(dependencyContext, _args.ConfigValue)))
+                    {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (!InvokeCompileOnDependency(dependency))
                 {
                     return false;
                 }
             }
 
-            //compile project
-            var success = InvokeCompileOnRootProject(_outputPath, _intermediateOutputPath);
+            if (incremental && !NeedsRebuilding(_rootProject, _dependencies))
+            {
+                // todo: what if the previous build had errors / warnings and nothing changed? Need to propagate them in case of incremental
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            // compile project
+            var success = InvokeCompileOnRootProject();
 
             PrintSummary(success);
 
             return success;
         }
 
+        private bool NeedsRebuilding(ProjectContext project, ProjectDependenciesFacade dependencies)
+        {
+            var compilerIO = GetCompileIO(project, _args.ConfigValue, _args.OutputValue, _args.IntermediateValue, dependencies);
+
+            // rebuild if empty inputs / outputs
+            if (!(compilerIO.Outputs.Any() && compilerIO.Inputs.Any()))
+            {
+                Reporter.Verbose.WriteLine($"\nProject {project.ProjectName()} will be compiled because it either has empty inputs or outputs");
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            //rebuild if missing inputs / outputs
+            if (AnyMissingIO(project, compilerIO.Outputs, "outputs") || AnyMissingIO(project, compilerIO.Inputs, "inputs"))
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            // find the output with the earliest write time
+            var minOutputPath = compilerIO.Outputs.First();
+            var minDate = File.GetLastWriteTime(minOutputPath);
+
+            foreach (var outputPath in compilerIO.Outputs)
+            {
+                if (File.GetLastWriteTime(outputPath) >= minDate)
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                minDate = File.GetLastWriteTime(outputPath);
+                minOutputPath = outputPath;
+            }
+
+            // find inputs that are older than the earliest output
+            var newInputs = compilerIO.Inputs.FindAll(p => File.GetLastWriteTime(p) > minDate);
+
+            if (!newInputs.Any())
+            {
+                Reporter.Verbose.WriteLine($"\nSkipped compilation for project {project.ProjectName()}. All the input files were older than the output files.");
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            Reporter.Verbose.WriteLine($"\nProject {project.ProjectName()} was compiled because some of its inputs were newer than its oldest output:");
+            Reporter.Verbose.WriteLine($"Oldest output item was written at {minDate} : {minOutputPath}");
+            Reporter.Verbose.WriteLine($"Inputs newer than the oldest output item:");
+
+            foreach (var newInput in newInputs)
+            {
+                Reporter.Verbose.WriteLine($"\t{File.GetLastWriteTime(newInput)}\t:\t{newInput}");
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        private static bool AnyMissingIO(ProjectContext project, IEnumerable<string> items, string itemsType)
+        {
+            var missingItems = items.Where(i => !File.Exists(i)).ToList();
+
+            if (!missingItems.Any())
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            Reporter.Verbose.WriteLine($"\nProject {project.ProjectName()} will be compiled because expected {itemsType} are missing: ");
+
+            foreach (var missing in missingItems)
+            {
+                Reporter.Verbose.WriteLine($"\t {missing}");
+            }
+
+            Reporter.Verbose.WriteLine();
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
         private void PrintSummary(bool success)
         {
-            //todo: Ideally it's the builder's responsibility for adding the time elapsed. That way we avoid cross cutting display concerns between compile and build for printing time elapsed
+            // todo: Ideally it's the builder's responsibility for adding the time elapsed. That way we avoid cross cutting display concerns between compile and build for printing time elapsed
             if (success)
             {
                 Reporter.Output.Write(" " + _preconditions.LogMessage());
@@ -82,61 +174,40 @@ namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Build
 
         private void CreateOutputDirectories()
         {
-            Directory.CreateDirectory(_outputPath);
-            Directory.CreateDirectory(_intermediateOutputPath);
-        }
-
-        //todo make extension of ProjectContext?
-        //returns map with dependencies: string projectName -> ProjectDescription
-        private static Dictionary<string, ProjectDescription> GetProjectDependenciesWithSources(ProjectContext projectContext, string configuration)
-        {
-            var projects = new Dictionary<string, ProjectDescription>();
-
-            // Create the library exporter
-            var exporter = projectContext.CreateExporter(configuration);
-
-            // Gather exports for the project
-            var dependencies = exporter.GetDependencies().ToList();
-
-            // Build project references
-            foreach (var dependency in dependencies)
-            {
-                var projectDependency = dependency.Library as ProjectDescription;
-
-                if (projectDependency != null && projectDependency.Project.Files.SourceFiles.Any())
-                {
-                    projects[projectDependency.Identity.Name] = projectDependency;
-                }
-            }
-
-            return projects;
+            Directory.CreateDirectory(_args.OutputValue);
+            Directory.CreateDirectory(_args.IntermediateValue);
         }
 
         private IncrementalPreconditions GatherIncrementalPreconditions()
         {
             var preconditions = new IncrementalPreconditions(_args.BuildProfileValue);
 
+            if (_args.ForceUnsafeValue)
+            {
+                preconditions.AddForceUnsafePrecondition();
+            }
+
             var projectsToCheck = GetProjectsToCheck();
 
             foreach (var project in projectsToCheck)
             {
                 CollectScriptPreconditions(project, preconditions);
                 CollectCompilerNamePreconditions(project, preconditions);
-                CheckPathProbing(project, preconditions);
+                CollectCheckPathProbingPreconditions(project, preconditions);
             }
 
             return preconditions;
         }
 
-        //check the entire project tree that needs to be compiled, duplicated for each framework
+        // check the entire project tree that needs to be compiled, duplicated for each framework
         private List<ProjectContext> GetProjectsToCheck()
         {
-            //include initial root project
-            var contextsToCheck = new List<ProjectContext>(1 + _dependencies.Count) {_rootProject};
+            // include initial root project
+            var contextsToCheck = new List<ProjectContext>(1 + _dependencies.ProjectDependenciesWithSources.Count) {_rootProject};
 
-            //convert ProjectDescription to ProjectContext
-            var dependencyContexts = _dependencies.Select
-                (keyValuePair => ProjectContext.Create(keyValuePair.Value.Path, keyValuePair.Value.TargetFrameworkInfo.FrameworkName));
+            // convert ProjectDescription to ProjectContext
+            var dependencyContexts = _dependencies.ProjectDependenciesWithSources.Select
+                (keyValuePair => ProjectContext.Create(keyValuePair.Value.Path, keyValuePair.Value.Framework));
 
             contextsToCheck.AddRange(dependencyContexts);
 
@@ -144,7 +215,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Build
             return contextsToCheck;
         }
 
-        private void CheckPathProbing(ProjectContext project, IncrementalPreconditions preconditions)
+        private void CollectCheckPathProbingPreconditions(ProjectContext project, IncrementalPreconditions preconditions)
         {
             var pathCommands = CompilerUtil.GetCommandsInvokedByCompile(project)
                 .Select(commandName => Command.Create(commandName, "", project.TargetFramework))
@@ -160,7 +231,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Build
         {
             var projectCompiler = CompilerUtil.ResolveCompilerName(project);
 
-            if (KnownCompilers.Any(knownCompiler => knownCompiler.Equals(projectCompiler, StringComparison.Ordinal)))
+            if (!KnownCompilers.Any(knownCompiler => knownCompiler.Equals(projectCompiler, StringComparison.Ordinal)))
             {
                 preconditions.AddUnknownCompilerPrecondition(project.ProjectName(), projectCompiler);
             }
@@ -182,13 +253,13 @@ namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Build
             }
         }
 
-        private bool InvokeCompileOnDependency(ProjectDescription projectDependency, string outputPath, string intermediateOutputPath)
+        private bool InvokeCompileOnDependency(ProjectDescription projectDependency)
         {
             var compileResult = Command.Create("dotnet-compile",
                 $"--framework {projectDependency.Framework} " +
                 $"--configuration {_args.ConfigValue} " +
-                $"--output \"{outputPath}\" " +
-                $"--temp-output \"{intermediateOutputPath}\" " +
+                $"--output \"{_args.OutputValue}\" " +
+                $"--temp-output \"{_args.IntermediateValue}\" " +
                 (_args.NoHostValue ? "--no-host " : string.Empty) +
                 $"\"{projectDependency.Project.ProjectDirectory}\"")
                 .ForwardStdOut()
@@ -198,14 +269,14 @@ namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Build
             return compileResult.ExitCode == 0;
         }
 
-        private bool InvokeCompileOnRootProject(string outputPath, string intermediateOutputPath)
+        private bool InvokeCompileOnRootProject()
         {
-            //todo: add methods to CompilerCommandApp to generate the arg string
+            // todo: add methods to CompilerCommandApp to generate the arg string?
             var compileResult = Command.Create("dotnet-compile",
                 $"--framework {_rootProject.TargetFramework} " +
                 $"--configuration {_args.ConfigValue} " +
-                $"--output \"{outputPath}\" " +
-                $"--temp-output \"{intermediateOutputPath}\" " +
+                $"--output \"{_args.OutputValue}\" " +
+                $"--temp-output \"{_args.IntermediateValue}\" " +
                 (_args.NoHostValue ? "--no-host " : string.Empty) +
                 //nativeArgs
                 (_args.IsNativeValue ? "--native " : string.Empty) +
@@ -248,6 +319,96 @@ namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Build
 
             outputs.Add(project);
         }
+
+        public struct CompilerIO
+        {
+            public readonly List<string> Inputs;
+            public readonly List<string> Outputs;
+
+            public CompilerIO(List<string> inputs, List<string> outputs)
+            {
+                Inputs = inputs;
+                Outputs = outputs;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // computes all the inputs and outputs that would be used in the compilation of a project
+        // ensures that all paths are files
+        // ensures no missing inputs
+        public static CompilerIO GetCompileIO(ProjectContext project, string config, string outputPath, string intermediaryOutputPath, ProjectDependenciesFacade dependencies)
+        {
+            var compilerIO = new CompilerIO(new List<string>(), new List<string>());
+
+            // input: project.json
+            compilerIO.Inputs.Add(project.ProjectFile.ProjectFilePath);
+
+            // input: source files
+            compilerIO.Inputs.AddRange(CompilerUtil.GetCompilationSources(project));
+
+            // todo: Factor out dependency resolution between Build and Compile. Ideally Build injects the dependencies into Compile
+            // todo: use lock file insteaf of dependencies. One file vs many
+            // input: dependencies
+            AddDependencies(dependencies, compilerIO);
+
+            // input: key file
+            AddKeyFile(project, config, compilerIO);
+
+            // output: compiler output
+            compilerIO.Outputs.Add(CompilerUtil.GetCompilationOutput(project.ProjectFile, project.TargetFramework, config, outputPath));
+
+            // input / output: resources without culture
+            AddCultureResources(project, intermediaryOutputPath, compilerIO);
+
+            // input / output: resources with culture
+            AddNonCultureResources(project, outputPath, compilerIO);
+
+            return compilerIO;
+        }
+
+        private static void AddDependencies(ProjectDependenciesFacade dependencies, CompilerIO compilerIO)
+        {
+            // add dependency sources that need compilation
+            compilerIO.Inputs.AddRange(dependencies.ProjectDependenciesWithSources.Values.SelectMany(p => p.Project.Files.SourceFiles));
+
+            // add compilation binaries
+            compilerIO.Inputs.AddRange(dependencies.Dependencies.SelectMany(d => d.CompilationAssemblies.Select(ca => ca.ResolvedPath)));
+        }
+
+        private static void AddKeyFile(ProjectContext project, string config, CompilerIO compilerIO)
+        {
+            var keyFile = CompilerUtil.ResolveCompilationOptions(project, config).KeyFile;
+
+            if (keyFile != null)
+            {
+                compilerIO.Inputs.Add(keyFile);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static void AddNonCultureResources(ProjectContext project, string intermediaryOutputPath, CompilerIO compilerIO)
+        {
+            foreach (var resourceIO in CompilerUtil.GetNonCultureResources(project.ProjectFile, intermediaryOutputPath))
+            {
+                compilerIO.Inputs.Add(resourceIO.InputFile);
+
+                if (resourceIO.OutputFile != null)
+                {
+                    compilerIO.Outputs.Add(resourceIO.OutputFile);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static void AddCultureResources(ProjectContext project, string outputPath, CompilerIO compilerIO)
+        {
+            foreach (var cultureResourceIO in CompilerUtil.GetCultureResources(project.ProjectFile, outputPath))
+            {
+                compilerIO.Inputs.AddRange(cultureResourceIO.InputFileToMetadata.Keys);
+
+                if (cultureResourceIO.OutputFile != null)
+                {
+                    compilerIO.Outputs.Add(cultureResourceIO.OutputFile);
+                }
+            }
+        }
     }
 
 }

src/Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Builder/IncrementalPreconditions.cs

@@ -10,13 +10,13 @@ namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Build
 {
     internal class IncrementalPreconditions
     {
-        private readonly List<string> _preconditions;
+        private readonly ISet<string> _preconditions;
         private readonly bool _isProfile;
 
         public IncrementalPreconditions(bool isProfile)
         {
             _isProfile = isProfile;
-            _preconditions = new List<string>();
+            _preconditions = new HashSet<string>();
         }
 
         public void AddPrePostScriptPrecondition(string projectName, string scriptType)
@@ -34,6 +34,11 @@ namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Build
             _preconditions.Add($"[PATH Probing] Project {projectName} is loading tool \"{commandName}\" from PATH");
         }
 
+        public void AddForceUnsafePrecondition()
+        {
+            _preconditions.Add($"[Forced Unsafe] The build was marked as unsafe. Remove the {BuilderCommandApp.ForceUnsafeFlag} flag to enable incremental compilation");
+        }
+
         public bool PreconditionsDetected()
         {
             return _preconditions.Any();
@@ -70,7 +75,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Build
         {
             if (PreconditionsDetected())
             {
-                return _isProfile ? PreconditionsMessage().Yellow() : "(The compilation time can be improved. Run \"dotnet build --profile\" for more information)";
+                return _isProfile ? PreconditionsMessage().Yellow() : $"(The compilation time can be improved. Run \"dotnet build {BuilderCommandApp.BuildProfileFlag}\" for more information)";
             }
 
             return "";

src/Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Builder/ProjectDependenciesFacade.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation and contributors. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the MIT license. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+
+using Microsoft.DotNet.ProjectModel;
+using Microsoft.DotNet.ProjectModel.Compilation;
+
+namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Build
+{
+    // facade over the dependencies of a project context
+    internal class ProjectDependenciesFacade
+    {
+        // projectName -> ProjectDescription
+        public Dictionary<string, ProjectDescription> ProjectDependenciesWithSources { get; }
+        public List<LibraryExport> Dependencies { get; }
+
+        public ProjectDependenciesFacade(ProjectContext rootProject, string configValue)
+        {
+            Dependencies = GetProjectDependencies(rootProject, configValue);
+
+            ProjectDependenciesWithSources = new Dictionary<string, ProjectDescription>();
+
+            // Build project references
+            foreach (var dependency in Dependencies)
+            {
+                var projectDependency = dependency.Library as ProjectDescription;
+
+                if (projectDependency != null && projectDependency.Project.Files.SourceFiles.Any())
+                {
+                    ProjectDependenciesWithSources[projectDependency.Identity.Name] = projectDependency;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // todo make extension of ProjectContext?
+        private static List<LibraryExport> GetProjectDependencies(ProjectContext projectContext, string configuration)
+        {
+            // Create the library exporter
+            var exporter = projectContext.CreateExporter(configuration);
+
+            // Gather exports for the project
+            var dependencies = exporter.GetDependencies().ToList();
+
+            return dependencies;
+        }
+    }
+
+}

src/Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Builder/project.json

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "NETStandard.Library": "1.0.0-rc2-23704",
-    "System.Linq": "4.0.1-rc2-23608",
+    "System.Linq": "4.0.1-rc2-23704",
     "System.Reflection.Metadata": "1.1.0",
     
     "Microsoft.DotNet.ProjectModel": "1.0.0-*",

src/Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Compiler/CompilerCommandApp.cs

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) .NET Foundation and contributors. All rights reserved.
 // Licensed under the MIT license. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
 
-using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.IO;
 using Microsoft.Dnx.Runtime.Common.CommandLine;
@@ -10,8 +9,8 @@ using Microsoft.DotNet.ProjectModel;
 using NuGet.Frameworks;
 using System.Linq;
 
-//This class is responsible with defining the arguments for the Compile verb.
-//It knows how to interpret them and set default values
+// This class is responsible with defining the arguments for the Compile verb.
+// It knows how to interpret them and set default values
 namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Compiler
 {
     public delegate bool OnExecute(List<ProjectContext> contexts, CompilerCommandApp compilerCommand);
@@ -20,7 +19,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Compiler
     {
         private readonly CommandLineApplication _app;
 
-        //options and arguments for compilation
+        // options and arguments for compilation
         private CommandOption _outputOption;
         private CommandOption _intermediateOutputOption;
         private CommandOption _frameworkOption;
@@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Compiler
         private CommandOption _cppModeOption;
         private CommandOption _cppCompilerFlagsOption;
 
-        //resolved values for the options and arguments
+        // resolved values for the options and arguments
         public string ProjectPathValue { get; set; }
         public string OutputValue { get; set; }
         public string IntermediateValue { get; set; }
@@ -51,7 +50,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Compiler
         public string AppDepSdkPathValue { get; set; }
         public string CppCompilerFlagsValue { get; set; }
 
-        //workaround: CommandLineApplication is internal therefore I cannot make _app protected so baseclasses can add their own params
+        // workaround: CommandLineApplication is internal therefore I cannot make _app protected so baseclasses can add their own params
         private readonly Dictionary<string, CommandOption> baseClassOptions; 
 
         public CompilerCommandApp(string name, string fullName, string description)
@@ -115,7 +114,6 @@ namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Compiler
                 IsCppModeValue = _cppModeOption.HasValue();
                 CppCompilerFlagsValue = _cppCompilerFlagsOption.Value();
 
-
                 // Load project contexts for each framework
                 var contexts = _frameworkOption.HasValue() ?
                     _frameworkOption.Values.Select(f => ProjectContext.Create(ProjectPathValue, NuGetFramework.Parse(f))) :
@@ -129,7 +127,12 @@ namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Compiler
             return _app.Execute(args);
         }
 
-        //CommandOptionType is internal. Cannot pass it as argument. Therefore the method name encodes the option type.
+        public CompilerCommandApp ShallowCopy()
+        {
+            return (CompilerCommandApp) MemberwiseClone();
+        }
+
+        // CommandOptionType is internal. Cannot pass it as argument. Therefore the method name encodes the option type.
         protected void AddNoValueOption(string optionTemplate, string descriptino){
             baseClassOptions[optionTemplate] = _app.Option(optionTemplate, descriptino, CommandOptionType.NoValue);
         }

src/Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Compiler/CompilerUtil.cs

@@ -2,18 +2,19 @@
 // Licensed under the MIT license. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
 
 
+using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
 
-using Microsoft.DotNet.Cli.Utils;
 using Microsoft.DotNet.ProjectModel;
 using Microsoft.DotNet.Cli.Compiler.Common;
 using Microsoft.DotNet.ProjectModel.Compilation;
 using Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Common;
+using NuGet.Frameworks;
 
-//This class is responsible with defining the arguments for the Compile verb.
-//It knows how to interpret them and set default values
+// This class is responsible with defining the arguments for the Compile verb.
+// It knows how to interpret them and set default values
 
 namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Compiler
 {
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Compiler
             public readonly string InputFile;
             public readonly string MetadataName;
 
-            //is non-null only when resgen needs to be invoked (inputFile is .resx)
+            // is non-null only when resgen needs to be invoked (inputFile is .resx)
             public readonly string OutputFile;
 
             public NonCultureResgenIO(string inputFile, string outputFile, string metadataName)
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Compiler
             }
         }
 
-        //used in incremental compilation
+        // used in incremental compilation
         public static List<NonCultureResgenIO> GetNonCultureResources(Project project, string intermediateOutputPath)
         {
             return 
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Compiler
             }
         }
 
-        //used in incremental compilation
+        // used in incremental compilation
         public static List<CultureResgenIO> GetCultureResources(Project project, string outputPath)
         {
             return
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Compiler
                     ).ToList();
         }
 
-        //used in incremental compilation
+        // used in incremental compilation
         public static IList<string> GetReferencePathsForCultureResgen(List<LibraryExport> dependencies)
         {
             return dependencies.SelectMany(libraryExport => libraryExport.CompilationAssemblies).Select(r => r.ResolvedPath).ToList();
@@ -99,7 +100,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Compiler
             string resourcePath = resourceFile.Key;
             if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(resourceFile.Value))
             {
-                // No logical name, so use the file name
+                //  No logical name, so use the file name
                 resourceName = ResourceUtility.GetResourceName(root, resourcePath);
                 rootNamespace = project.Name;
             }
@@ -113,6 +114,44 @@ namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Compiler
             return name;
         }
 
+        // used in incremental compilation
+        public static IEnumerable<string> GetCompilationSources(ProjectContext project) => project.ProjectFile.Files.SourceFiles;
+
+        // used in incremental compilation
+        public static string GetCompilationOutput(Project project, NuGetFramework framework, string configuration, string outputPath)
+        {
+            var compilationOptions = project.GetCompilerOptions(framework, configuration);
+            var outputExtension = ".dll";
+
+            if (framework.IsDesktop() && compilationOptions.EmitEntryPoint.GetValueOrDefault())
+            {
+                outputExtension = ".exe";
+            }
+
+            return Path.Combine(outputPath, project.Name + outputExtension);
+        }
+
+        // used in incremental compilation for the key file
+        public static CommonCompilerOptions ResolveCompilationOptions(ProjectContext context, string configuration)
+        {
+            var compilationOptions = context.ProjectFile.GetCompilerOptions(context.TargetFramework, configuration);
+
+            // Path to strong naming key in environment variable overrides path in project.json
+            var environmentKeyFile = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(EnvironmentNames.StrongNameKeyFile);
+
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(environmentKeyFile))
+            {
+                compilationOptions.KeyFile = environmentKeyFile;
+            }
+            else if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(compilationOptions.KeyFile))
+            {
+                // Resolve full path to key file
+                compilationOptions.KeyFile =
+                    Path.GetFullPath(Path.Combine(context.ProjectFile.ProjectDirectory, compilationOptions.KeyFile));
+            }
+            return compilationOptions;
+        }
+
         public static IEnumerable<string> GetCommandsInvokedByCompile(ProjectContext project)
         {
             return new List<string> {ResolveCompilerName(project)};

src/Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Compiler/Program.cs

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Compiler
 
             var compilationOptions = context.ProjectFile.GetCompilerOptions(context.TargetFramework, args.ConfigValue);
             var managedOutput = 
-                GetProjectOutput(context.ProjectFile, context.TargetFramework, args.ConfigValue, outputPath);
+                CompilerUtil.GetCompilationOutput(context.ProjectFile, context.TargetFramework, args.ConfigValue, outputPath);
             
             var nativeArgs = new List<string>();
 
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Compiler
             }
 
             // Get compilation options
-            var outputName = GetProjectOutput(context.ProjectFile, context.TargetFramework, args.ConfigValue, outputPath);
+            var outputName = CompilerUtil.GetCompilationOutput(context.ProjectFile, context.TargetFramework, args.ConfigValue, outputPath);
 
             // Assemble args
             var compilerArgs = new List<string>()
@@ -208,20 +208,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Compiler
                 $"--out:{outputName}"
             };
 
-            var compilationOptions = context.ProjectFile.GetCompilerOptions(context.TargetFramework, args.ConfigValue);
-
-            // Path to strong naming key in environment variable overrides path in project.json
-            var environmentKeyFile = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(EnvironmentNames.StrongNameKeyFile);
-
-            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(environmentKeyFile))
-            {
-                compilationOptions.KeyFile = environmentKeyFile;
-            }
-            else  if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(compilationOptions.KeyFile))
-            {
-                // Resolve full path to key file
-                compilationOptions.KeyFile = Path.GetFullPath(Path.Combine(context.ProjectFile.ProjectDirectory, compilationOptions.KeyFile));
-            }
+            var compilationOptions = CompilerUtil.ResolveCompilationOptions(context, args.ConfigValue);
 
             var references = new List<string>();
 
@@ -239,7 +226,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Compiler
                 {
                     if (projectDependency.Project.Files.SourceFiles.Any())
                     {
-                        var projectOutputPath = GetProjectOutput(projectDependency.Project, projectDependency.Framework, args.ConfigValue, outputPath);
+                        var projectOutputPath = CompilerUtil.GetCompilationOutput(projectDependency.Project, projectDependency.Framework, args.ConfigValue, outputPath);
                         references.Add(projectOutputPath);
                     }
                 }
@@ -288,7 +275,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Compiler
                 return false;
             }
             // Add project source files
-            var sourceFiles = context.ProjectFile.Files.SourceFiles;
+            var sourceFiles = CompilerUtil.GetCompilationSources(context);
             compilerArgs.AddRange(sourceFiles);
 
             var compilerName = CompilerUtil.ResolveCompilerName(context);
@@ -367,6 +354,8 @@ namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Compiler
             return PrintSummary(diagnostics, sw, success);
         }
 
+
+
         private static void RunScripts(ProjectContext context, string name, Dictionary<string, string> contextVariables)
         {
             foreach (var script in context.ProjectFile.Scripts.GetOrEmpty(name))
@@ -378,18 +367,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Compiler
             }
         }
 
-        private static string GetProjectOutput(Project project, NuGetFramework framework, string configuration, string outputPath)
-        {
-            var compilationOptions = project.GetCompilerOptions(framework, configuration);
-            var outputExtension = ".dll";
 
-            if (framework.IsDesktop() && compilationOptions.EmitEntryPoint.GetValueOrDefault())
-            {
-                outputExtension = ".exe";
-            }
-
-            return Path.Combine(outputPath, project.Name + outputExtension);
-        }
 
         
         private static void CopyExport(string outputPath, LibraryExport export)

test/E2E/EndToEndTest.cs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using System.Text;
 using Xunit;
@@ -47,6 +48,91 @@ namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tests.EndToEnd
             TestOutputExecutable(OutputDirectory, buildCommand.GetOutputExecutableName());
         }
 
+        [Fact]
+        public void TestDotnetIncrementalBuild()
+        {
+            TestSetup();
+
+            // first build
+            var buildCommand = new BuildCommand(TestProject, output: OutputDirectory);
+            buildCommand.Execute().Should().Pass();
+            TestOutputExecutable(OutputDirectory, buildCommand.GetOutputExecutableName());
+
+            var latestWriteTimeFirstBuild = GetLastWriteTimeOfDirectoryFiles(OutputDirectory);
+
+            // second build; should get skipped (incremental because no inputs changed)
+            buildCommand.Execute().Should().Pass();
+            TestOutputExecutable(OutputDirectory, buildCommand.GetOutputExecutableName());
+
+            var latestWriteTimeSecondBuild = GetLastWriteTimeOfDirectoryFiles(OutputDirectory);
+            Assert.Equal(latestWriteTimeFirstBuild, latestWriteTimeSecondBuild);
+
+            TouchSourceFileInDirectory(TestDirectory);
+
+            // third build; should get compiled because the source file got touched
+            buildCommand.Execute().Should().Pass();
+            TestOutputExecutable(OutputDirectory, buildCommand.GetOutputExecutableName());
+
+            var latestWriteTimeThirdBuild = GetLastWriteTimeOfDirectoryFiles(OutputDirectory);
+            Assert.NotEqual(latestWriteTimeSecondBuild, latestWriteTimeThirdBuild);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void TestDotnetForceIncrementalUnsafe()
+        {
+            TestSetup();
+
+            // first build
+            var buildCommand = new BuildCommand(TestProject, output: OutputDirectory);
+            buildCommand.Execute().Should().Pass();
+            TestOutputExecutable(OutputDirectory, buildCommand.GetOutputExecutableName());
+
+            var latestWriteTimeFirstBuild = GetLastWriteTimeOfDirectoryFiles(OutputDirectory);
+
+            // second build; will get recompiled due to force unsafe flag
+            buildCommand = new BuildCommand(TestProject, output: OutputDirectory, forceIncrementalUnsafe:true);
+            buildCommand.Execute().Should().Pass();
+            TestOutputExecutable(OutputDirectory, buildCommand.GetOutputExecutableName());
+
+            var latestWriteTimeSecondBuild = GetLastWriteTimeOfDirectoryFiles(OutputDirectory);
+            Assert.NotEqual(latestWriteTimeFirstBuild, latestWriteTimeSecondBuild);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void TestDotnetIncrementalBuildDeleteOutputFile()
+        {
+            TestSetup();
+
+            // first build
+            var buildCommand = new BuildCommand(TestProject, output: OutputDirectory);
+            buildCommand.Execute().Should().Pass();
+            TestOutputExecutable(OutputDirectory, buildCommand.GetOutputExecutableName());
+
+            var latestWriteTimeFirstBuild = GetLastWriteTimeOfDirectoryFiles(OutputDirectory);
+
+            Reporter.Verbose.WriteLine($"Files in {OutputDirectory}");
+            foreach (var file in Directory.EnumerateFiles(OutputDirectory))
+            {
+                Reporter.Verbose.Write($"\t {file}");
+            }
+
+            // delete output files
+            foreach (var outputFile in Directory.EnumerateFiles(OutputDirectory).Where(f => Path.GetFileName(f).StartsWith(s_testdirName, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)))
+            {
+                Reporter.Verbose.WriteLine($"Delete {outputFile}");
+
+                File.Delete(outputFile);
+                Assert.False(File.Exists(outputFile));
+            }
+
+            // second build; should get rebuilt since we deleted output items
+            buildCommand.Execute().Should().Pass();
+            TestOutputExecutable(OutputDirectory, buildCommand.GetOutputExecutableName());
+
+            var latestWriteTimeSecondBuild = GetLastWriteTimeOfDirectoryFiles(OutputDirectory);
+            Assert.NotEqual(latestWriteTimeFirstBuild, latestWriteTimeSecondBuild);
+        }
+
         [Fact]
         [ActiveIssue(712, PlatformID.Windows | PlatformID.OSX | PlatformID.Linux)]
         public void TestDotnetBuildNativeRyuJit()
@@ -82,6 +168,32 @@ namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tests.EndToEnd
             TestOutputExecutable(nativeOut, buildCommand.GetOutputExecutableName());
         }
 
+        [Fact]
+        public void TestDotnetCompileNativeCppIncremental()
+        {
+            if (IsCentOS())
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine("Skipping native compilation tests on CentOS - https://github.com/dotnet/cli/issues/453");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            var nativeOut = Path.Combine(OutputDirectory, "native");
+
+            // first build
+            var buildCommand = new BuildCommand(TestProject, output: OutputDirectory, native: true, nativeCppMode: true);
+            buildCommand.Execute().Should().Pass();
+            TestOutputExecutable(nativeOut, buildCommand.GetOutputExecutableName());
+
+            var latestWriteTimeFirstBuild = GetLastWriteTimeOfDirectoryFiles(OutputDirectory);
+
+            // second build; should be skipped because nothing changed
+            buildCommand.Execute().Should().Pass();
+            TestOutputExecutable(nativeOut, buildCommand.GetOutputExecutableName());
+
+            var latestWriteTimeSecondBuild = GetLastWriteTimeOfDirectoryFiles(OutputDirectory);
+            Assert.Equal(latestWriteTimeFirstBuild, latestWriteTimeSecondBuild);
+        }
+
         [Fact]
         public void TestDotnetRun()
         {
@@ -160,5 +272,16 @@ namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tests.EndToEnd
 
             return false;
         }
+
+        private static DateTime GetLastWriteTimeOfDirectoryFiles(string outputDirectory)
+        {
+            return Directory.EnumerateFiles(outputDirectory).Max(f => File.GetLastWriteTime(f));
+        }
+
+        private static void TouchSourceFileInDirectory(string directory)
+        {
+            var csFile = Directory.EnumerateFiles(directory).First(f => Path.GetExtension(f).Equals(".cs"));
+            File.SetLastWriteTimeUtc(csFile, DateTime.UtcNow);
+        }
     }
 }

test/Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Tests.Utilities/Commands/BuildCommand.cs

@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Test.Utilities
         private string _appDepSDKPath;
         private bool _nativeCppMode;
         private string _cppCompilerFlags;
+        private bool _buildProfile;
+        private bool _forceIncrementalUnsafe;
 
         private string OutputOption
         {
@@ -134,6 +136,26 @@ namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Test.Utilities
             }
         }
 
+        private string BuildProfile
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return _buildProfile ?
+                    "--build-profile" :
+                    "";
+            }
+        }
+
+        private string ForceIncrementalUnsafe
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return _forceIncrementalUnsafe ?
+                    "--force-incremental-unsafe" :
+                    "";
+            }
+        }
+
         public BuildCommand(
             string projectPath,
             string output="",
@@ -146,7 +168,9 @@ namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Test.Utilities
             string ilcPath="",
             string appDepSDKPath="",
             bool nativeCppMode=false,
-            string cppCompilerFlags=""
+            string cppCompilerFlags="",
+            bool buildProfile=true,
+            bool forceIncrementalUnsafe=false
             )
             : base("dotnet")
         {
@@ -165,12 +189,13 @@ namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Test.Utilities
             _appDepSDKPath = appDepSDKPath;
             _nativeCppMode = nativeCppMode;
             _cppCompilerFlags = cppCompilerFlags;
-
+            _buildProfile = buildProfile;
+            _forceIncrementalUnsafe = forceIncrementalUnsafe;
         }
 
         public override CommandResult Execute(string args = "")
         {
-            args = $"build {BuildArgs()} {args}";
+            args = $"--verbose build {BuildArgs()} {args}";
             return base.Execute(args);
         }
 
@@ -189,7 +214,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Test.Utilities
 
         private string BuildArgs()
         {
-            return $"{_projectPath} {OutputOption} {TempOutputOption} {ConfigurationOption} {NoHostOption} {NativeOption} {ArchitectureOption} {IlcArgsOption} {IlcPathOption} {AppDepSDKPathOption} {NativeCppModeOption} {CppCompilerFlagsOption}";
+            return $"{BuildProfile} {ForceIncrementalUnsafe} {_projectPath} {OutputOption} {TempOutputOption} {ConfigurationOption} {NoHostOption} {NativeOption} {ArchitectureOption} {IlcArgsOption} {IlcPathOption} {AppDepSDKPathOption} {NativeCppModeOption} {CppCompilerFlagsOption}";
         }
     }
 }