With the introduction of contexts per fd in the future, one can easily
envision more contexts being used. We do not have an easy remedy to
reduce the space requirements of the contexts, we can make things
slightly better by using less stringent alignments on later hardware.
Ville: Since I can almost predict you'll point this out. I can no longer
find the docs which specify the 64k requirement on certain gen6 SKUs. If
you'd like to change that too, be my guest.
CC: Ville Syrjälä <ville.syrjala@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ben Widawsky <ben@bwidawsk.net>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
We'll be doing a bit more stuff with each file, so having our own open
function should make things clean.
This also allows us to easily add conditionals for stuff we don't want
to do when we don't have HW contexts.
Signed-off-by: Ben Widawsky <ben@bwidawsk.net>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
The only place we were using it was for GEN6, which won't have PPGTT
support anyway (ie. the VM is always the same). To clear things up,
(it only added confusion for me since it doesn't allow us to assert
vma->vm is what we always want, when just looking at the code).
Signed-off-by: Ben Widawsky <ben@bwidawsk.net>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
To sum up what goes on here, we abstract the vma binding, similarly to
the previous object binding. This helps for distinguishing legacy
binding, versus modern binding. To keep the code churn as minimal as
possible, I am leaving in insert_entries(). It serves as the per
platform pte writing basically. bind_vma and insert_entries do share a
lot of similarities, and I did have designs to combine the two, but as
mentioned already... too much churn in an already massive patchset.
What follows are the 3 commits which existed discretely in the original
submissions. Upon rebasing on Broadwell support, it became clear that
separation was not good, and only made for more error prone code. Below
are the 3 commit messages with all their history.
drm/i915: Add bind/unbind object functions to VMA
drm/i915: Use the new vm [un]bind functions
drm/i915: reduce vm->insert_entries() usage
drm/i915: Add bind/unbind object functions to VMA
As we plumb the code with more VM information, it has become more
obvious that the easiest way to deal with bind and unbind is to simply
put the function pointers in the vm, and let those choose the correct
way to handle the page table updates. This change allows many places in
the code to simply be vm->bind, and not have to worry about
distinguishing PPGTT vs GGTT.
Notice that this patch has no impact on functionality. I've decided to
save the actual change until the next patch because I think it's easier
to review that way. I'm happy to squash the two, or let Daniel do it on
merge.
v2:
Make ggtt handle the quirky aliasing ppgtt
Add flags to bind object to support above
Don't ever call bind/unbind directly for PPGTT until we have real, full
PPGTT (use NULLs to assert this)
Make sure we rebind the ggtt if there already is a ggtt binding. This
happens on set cache levels.
Use VMA for bind/unbind (Daniel, Ben)
v3: Reorganize ggtt_vma_bind to be more concise and easier to read
(Ville). Change logic in unbind to only unbind ggtt when there is a
global mapping, and to remove a redundant check if the aliasing ppgtt
exists.
v4: Make the bind function a bit smarter about the cache levels to avoid
unnecessary multiple remaps. "I accept it is a wart, I think unifying
the pin_vma / bind_vma could be unified later" (Chris)
Removed the git notes, and put version info here. (Daniel)
v5: Update the comment to not suck (Chris)
v6:
Move bind/unbind to the VMA. It makes more sense in the VMA structure
(always has, but I was previously lazy). With this change, it will allow
us to keep a distinct insert_entries.
Reviewed-by: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Ben Widawsky <ben@bwidawsk.net>
drm/i915: Use the new vm [un]bind functions
Building on the last patch which created the new function pointers in
the VM for bind/unbind, here we actually put those new function pointers
to use.
Split out as a separate patch to aid in review. I'm fine with squashing
into the previous patch if people request it.
v2: Updated to address the smart ggtt which can do aliasing as needed
Make sure we bind to global gtt when mappable and fenceable. I thought
we could get away without this initialy, but we cannot.
v3: Make the global GTT binding explicitly use the ggtt VM for
bind_vma(). While at it, use the new ggtt_vma helper (Chris)
At this point the original mailing list thread diverges. ie.
v4^:
use target_obj instead of obj for gen6 relocate_entry
vma->bind_vma() can be called safely during pin. So simply do that
instead of the complicated conditionals.
Don't restore PPGTT bound objects on resume path
Bug fix in resume path for globally bound Bos
Properly handle secure dispatch
Rebased on vma bind/unbind conversion
Signed-off-by: Ben Widawsky <ben@bwidawsk.net>
drm/i915: reduce vm->insert_entries() usage
FKA: drm/i915: eliminate vm->insert_entries()
With bind/unbind function pointers in place, we no longer need
insert_entries. We could, and want, to remove clear_range, however it's
not totally easy at this point. Since it's used in a couple of place
still that don't only deal in objects: setup, ppgtt init, and restore
gtt mappings.
v2: Don't actually remove insert_entries, just limit its usage. It will
be useful when we introduce gen8. It will always be called from the vma
bind/unbind.
Reviewed-by: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk> (v1)
Signed-off-by: Ben Widawsky <ben@bwidawsk.net>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
Using the current state of the page directory registers, we can
determine which of our address spaces was active when the hang occurred.
This allows us to scan through all the address spaces to identify the
"active" one during error capture.
v2: Rebased for BDW error detection. BDW error detection is similar
except instead of PP_DIR_BASE, we can use the PDP registers.
Signed-off-by: Ben Widawsky <ben@bwidawsk.net>
[danvet: Add FIXME about global gtt misuse.]
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
The existing check was insufficient to determine whether we can use the
GTT mapping to read out the object during error capture.
The previous condition was, if the object has a GGTT mapping, and the
reloc is in the GTT range... the can happen with opjects mapped into
multiple vms (one of which being the GTT).
There are two solutions to this problem:
1. This patch, which avoid reading the io mapping
2. Use the GGTT offset with the io mapping.
Since error capture is about recording the most accurate possible error
state, and the error was caused by the object not in the GGTT - I opted
for the former.
Signed-off-by: Ben Widawsky <ben@bwidawsk.net>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
This came from a patch called, "drm/i915: Move active to vma"
When moving an object to the inactive list, we do it for all VMs for
which the object is bound.
The primary difference from that patch is this time around we don't not
track 'active' per vma, but rather by object. Therefore, we only need
one unref.
Signed-off-by: Ben Widawsky <ben@bwidawsk.net>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
This was found by code inspection. If the GTT setup fails then we are
left without properly tearing down the drm_mm.
Hopefully this never happens.
Signed-off-by: Ben Widawsky <ben@bwidawsk.net>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
To be able to effectively use the GGTT object lookup function, we don't
want to warn when there is no GGTT mapping. Let the caller deal with it
instead.
Originally, I had intended to have this behavior, and has not
introduced the WARN. It was introduced during review with the addition
of the follow commit
commit 5c2abbeab7
Author: Ben Widawsky <benjamin.widawsky@intel.com>
Date: Tue Sep 24 09:57:57 2013 -0700
drm/i915: Provide a cheap ggtt vma lookup
Signed-off-by: Ben Widawsky <ben@bwidawsk.net>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
Since the beginning, the functions which try to properly reference the
aliasing PPGTT have deferences a potentially null aliasing_ppgtt member.
Since the accessors are meant to be global, this will not do.
Introduced originally in:
commit a70a3148b0
Author: Ben Widawsky <ben@bwidawsk.net>
Date: Wed Jul 31 16:59:56 2013 -0700
drm/i915: Make proper functions for VMs
Signed-off-by: Ben Widawsky <ben@bwidawsk.net>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
The initial implementation of this function used MMIO to write the PDPs.
Upon review it was determined (correctly) that the docs say to use LRI.
The issue is there are times where we want to do a synchronous write
(GPU reset).
I've tested this, and it works. I've verified with as many people as
possible that it should work.
This should fix the failing reset problems.
Signed-off-by: Ben Widawsky <ben@bwidawsk.net>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
But only when we indeed set up a gtt mapping. We need this since the
vma also holds a pages_pin_count, on top of the unconditional
pages_pin_count we grab for all stolen objects (to avoid swap-out).
This should avoid a pages_pin_count underrun when cleaning up
framebuffers objects taken over from the BIOS.
Chris mentioned in his review that this bug even predates the vma
conversion.
Reported-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Cc: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Cc: Ben Widawsky <benjamin.widawsky@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
We don't have any userspace interfaces that use HZ as a time unit, so
having our own DRM define is useless.
Remove this remnant from the shared drm core days.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
Signed-off-by: Dave Airlie <airlied@redhat.com>
Only the two intel drivers need this and they can easily check for
working agp support in their driver ->load callbacks.
This is the only reason why agp initialization could fail, so allows
us to rip out a bit of error handling code in the next patch.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
Signed-off-by: Dave Airlie <airlied@redhat.com>
The current values seem to be defined in a format that's specific to the
i915, gma500 and radeon drivers. To make this more generally useful, use
the values as defined in the specification.
While at it, prefix the constants with DP_ for improved namespacing.
Signed-off-by: Thierry Reding <treding@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
Reviewed-by: Alex Deucher <alexander.deucher@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Dave Airlie <airlied@redhat.com>
- some more ppgtt prep patches from Ben
- a few fbc fixes from Ville
- power well rework from Imre
- vlv forcewake improvements from Deepak S, Ville and Jesse
- a few smaller things all over
[airlied: fixup forwcewake conflict]
* tag 'drm-intel-next-2013-11-29' of git://people.freedesktop.org/~danvet/drm-intel: (97 commits)
drm/i915: Fix port name in vlv_wait_port_ready() timeout warning
drm/i915: Return a drm_mode_status enum in the mode_valid vfuncs
drm/i915: add intel_display_power_enabled_sw() for use in atomic ctx
drm/i915: drop DRM_ERROR in intel_fbdev init
drm/i915/vlv: use parallel context restore when coming out of RC6
drm/i915/vlv: use a lower RC6 timeout on VLV
drm/i915/sdvo: Fix up debug output to not split lines
drm/i915: make sparse happy for the new vlv mmio read function
drm/i915: drop the right force-wake engine in the vlv mmio funcs
drm/i915: Fix GT wake FIFO free entries for VLV
drm/i915: Report all GTFIFODBG errors
drm/i915: Enabling DebugFS for valleyview forcewake counts
drm/i915/vlv: Valleyview support for forcewake Individual power wells.
drm/i915: Add power well arguments to force wake routines.
drm/i915: Do not attempt to re-enable an unconnected primary plane
drm/i915: add a debugfs entry for power domain info
drm/i915: add a default always-on power well
drm/i915: don't do BDW/HSW specific powerdomains init on other platforms
drm/i915: protect HSW power well check with IS_HASWELL in redisable_vga
drm/i915: use IS_HASWELL/BROADWELL instead of HAS_POWER_WELL
...
Conflicts:
drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_display.c
The GMCH_CTRL register (or MGCC in the spec) is at a different address
on Sandybridge, and the address to which we currently write to is
undefined. These stray writes appear to upset (hard hang) my Ivybridge
machine whilst it is in UEFI mode.
Note that the register is still marked as locked RO on Sandybridge, so
vgaarb is still dysfunctional.
Signed-off-by: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Cc: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Ville Syrjälä <ville.syrjala@linux.intel.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
We use this hook starting from ILK onwards, so change the prefix
accordingly. Also rename functions/struct names used from
haswell_update_wm that are relevant to ILK already.
No functional change.
Signed-off-by: Imre Deak <imre.deak@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Paulo Zanoni <paulo.r.zanoni@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
Signed-off-by: Imre Deak <imre.deak@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Paulo Zanoni <paulo.r.zanoni@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
No functional change.
Signed-off-by: Imre Deak <imre.deak@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Paulo Zanoni <paulo.r.zanoni@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
Apparently always enabling the sprite scaler magically made
sprites work on ILK in the past.
I think the real reason for the failure was missing sprite
watermark programming, and enabling the scaler effectively
disabled LP1+ watermarks, which was enough to keep things going.
Or it might be that the hardware more or less ignores watermarks
for scaled sprites since things seem to work even if I leave
sprite watermarks at 0 and disable all other planes except the
sprite.
In any case, we left the scaler always on but then failed to
check whether we might be exceeding the scaler's source size
limits. That caused the sprite to fail when a sufficiently
large unscaled image was being displayed.
Now that we're getting proper watermark programming for ILK, we
can keep the scaler disabled unless we need to do actual scaling.
This reverts commit 8aaa81a166.
Signed-off-by: Ville Syrjälä <ville.syrjala@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Imre Deak <imre.deak@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
As the watermark registers aren't double bufferd, clearing the
watermarks immediately after writing the sprite registers can be
hazardous.
Until we have something better, add a wait for vblank between the
two steps to make sure the sprite no longer needs the watermark
levels before we clear them.
Signed-off-by: Ville Syrjälä <ville.syrjala@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Imre Deak <imre.deak@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
When color keying is used, the primary may not be invisible even though
the sprite fully covers it. So check for color keying before deciding to
disable the primary plane.
Signed-off-by: Ville Syrjälä <ville.syrjala@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Imre Deak <imre.deak@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
We now have a very clear method of disabling LP1+ wartermarks,
and we can actually detect if we actually did disable them, or
if they were already disabled. Use that to clean up the
WaCxSRDisabledForSpriteScaling:ivb handling.
I was hoping to apply the workaround in a way that wouldn't
require a blocking wait, but sadly IVB really does appear to
require LP1+ watermarks to be off for an entire frame before
enabling sprite scaling. Simply disabling LP1+ watermarks
during the previous frame is not enough, no matter how early
in the frame we do it :(
Signed-off-by: Ville Syrjälä <ville.syrjala@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Imre Deak <imre.deak@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
The new HSW watermark code can now handle ILK/SNB/IVB as well, so
switch them over. Kill the old code.
Signed-off-by: Ville Syrjälä <ville.syrjala@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Imre Deak <imre.deak@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
ILK doesn't like if we just write the LP1+ watermarks registers with 0.
We need to just disable the watermarks by clearing the enable bit. Use
that method also when disabling LP1+ watermarks in init_clock_gating.
It looks like disabling the sprite LP1 watermarks can cause underruns
even if we just toggle the WM1S_LP_EN bit. So treat that bit like the
actual watermark numbers and avoid setting it to 0 immediately.
Signed-off-by: Ville Syrjälä <ville.syrjala@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Imre Deak <imre.deak@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
Linetime watermarks don't exist on ILK/SNB/IVB, so don't compute them
except on HSW.
Signed-off-by: Ville Syrjälä <ville.syrjala@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Imre Deak <imre.deak@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
ILK has a bunch of issues with FBC. First of all, BSpec tells us that
FBC WM should never be enabled. Secondly when FBC is enabled
with FBC WM disabled, LP2+ watermarks must be disabled.
Signed-off-by: Ville Syrjälä <ville.syrjala@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Imre Deak <imre.deak@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
Multi-pipe LP1+ watermarks are a HSW+ feature, so let's not do it on
earlier generations.
Signed-off-by: Ville Syrjälä <ville.syrjala@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Imre Deak <imre.deak@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
On ILK disabling LP1+ watermarks must be done carefully to avoid
underruns. If we just write 0 to the register in the middle of the scan
cycle we often get an underrun. So instead we have to leave the actual
watermark levels in the register intact, and just toggle the enable bit.
Presumably the hardware takes a while to get out of low power mode, and
so the watermark level need to stay valid until that time.
We also have to be careful with the WM1S_LP_EN bit. It seems the
hardware more or less treats it like the actual watermarks numbers, and
so we must not toggle it too soon. Just leave it alone when disabling
the LP1+ watermarks.
Signed-off-by: Ville Syrjälä <ville.syrjala@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Imre Deak <imre.deak@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
ILK/SNB don't have LP2+ watermarks for sprites. Also the LP1 sprite
watermark register has its own enable bit. Take these differences
into account when programming the LP1+ registers.
Signed-off-by: Ville Syrjälä <ville.syrjala@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Imre Deak <imre.deak@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
On ILK/SNB only LP0/1 watermarks can be enabled when sprites are
enabled, and on ILK/SNB/IVB sprite scaling is limited to LP0 only.
So we can avoid computing the extra levels we're never going to use.
Signed-off-by: Ville Syrjälä <ville.syrjala@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Imre Deak <imre.deak@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
Add a new function ilk_wm_lp_latency() which will tell us what to write
into the WM_LPx register latency field. HSW is different from erlier
gens in this regard.
Signed-off-by: Ville Syrjälä <ville.syrjala@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Imre Deak <imre.deak@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
On IVB the display data buffer partitioning control lives in the
DISP_ARB_CTL2 register. Add the relevant defines/code for it.
Signed-off-by: Ville Syrjälä <ville.syrjala@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Imre Deak <imre.deak@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
Otherwise we don't kick out firmware framebuffers like vesafb and
efifb when CONFIG_DRM_I915_FBDEV=n but CONFIG_FB=y.
There's still the pesky issue with vgacon which we should somehow
replace with the dummy console at least. We have a similar issue at
module un/reload, since vgacon state is terminally botched after
i915.ko has loaded in modeset mode. But this gets us a step further at
least.
v2: Use IS_ENABLED - I always get this wrong for tristates. Spotted by
Jani.
Reported-by: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Cc: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Cc: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
Noticed while reviewing a patch and couldn't resist the OCD.
Reviewed-by: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
Aside from the fact that it leaves confusing dumps on error capture, it
is entirely unnecessary, and potentially harmful in cases like BDW,
where the instruction has changed.
In reality (seemingly), this will have no behavioral impact.
Signed-off-by: Ben Widawsky <ben@bwidawsk.net>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
A few command were out of numerical order and had different spacing. Put
them back in numerical order, with proper spacing.
Signed-off-by: Ben Widawsky <ben@bwidawsk.net>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
We only need to init the reg offset for DPIO once, but we need to reset
DPIO at resume time and at init time.
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
Just add an early init since we may need to access DPIO regs early on.
The init call in modeset_init_hw is also needed for the resume case,
when we need to reset DPIO to keep things happy.
v2: split reset and reg init
v3: split patches (Daniel)
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
The whole file is wrapped around in #if defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_FS) anyway,
so skip the file at the build level already.
Signed-off-by: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
In case of error, the function debugfs_create_file() returns NULL
pointer not ERR_PTR() if debugfs is enabled. The IS_ERR() test in
the return value check should be replaced with NULL test.
Signed-off-by: Wei Yongjun <yongjun_wei@trendmicro.com.cn>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
We don't actually do anything with the information yet, but parse and
log what's in the VBT.
Signed-off-by: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rodrigo Vivi <rodrigo.vivi@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Rodrigo Vivi <rodrigo.vivi@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
Now that all the infrastructure is in place and all the tests from
pm_pc8 pass, we can finally enable the feature.
Signed-off-by: Paulo Zanoni <paulo.r.zanoni@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Rodrigo Vivi <rodrigo.vivi@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
So we'll get a fault when someone tries to access the mmap, then we'll
wake up from D3.
v2: - Rebase
v3: - Use gtt active/inactive
Testcase: igt/pm_pc8/gem-mmap-gtt
Signed-off-by: Paulo Zanoni <paulo.r.zanoni@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Rodrigo Vivi <rodrigo.vivi@gmail.com>
[danvet: Add comment + WARN as discussed with Paulo on irc.]
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>